Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
anatomy
|
studies the structure of body parts and their relationships to one another
|
|
physiology
|
concerned with the function of the body, how to body parts work and carry out their life-sustaining activities
|
|
catabolic metabolism
|
breaks down substances into their simpler building blocks
|
|
anabolic metabolism
|
synthesizes more complex cellular structures from simpler substances
|
|
positive feedback
|
the result or response enhances the original stimulus so that the response is accelerated (labor and delivery, blood clotting)
|
|
negative feedback
|
maintain physiological function or keep blood chemicals within narrow ranges (control of blood volume level by ADH hormone)
|
|
receptors
|
monitors the environment and responds to changes by sending information to the control center
|
|
control center
|
analyzes the input it receives and determines the appropriate response or course of action
|
|
effector
|
provides the means for the control center’s response
|
|
integumentary system
|
hair, nails, skin: forms the external body covering and protects deeper tissues from injury, synthesizes vitamin D, and houses cutaneous receptors and sweat and oil glands
|
|
skeletal system
|
bones and joints: protects and supports body organs, provides a framework for the muscles to cause movement, blood cells are formed within bones, bones store minerals
|
|
muscular system
|
muscles: allows manipulation of the environment, locomotion, and facial expression, maintains posture, and produces heat
|
|
nervous system
|
brain, nerves, spinal cord: responds to internal and external changes by activating appropriate muscles and glands
|
|
endocrine system
|
pituitary gland, pineal gland, thyroid gland, thymus, adrenal gland, pancreas, testis, ovaries: glands secrete hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction, and nutrient use by body cells
|
|
cardiovascular system
|
heart and blood vessels: blood vessels transport blood, which carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, wastes, and the heart pumps blood
|
|
lymphatic system
|
red bone marrow, thymus, lymphatic vessels, thoracic duct, spleen, lymph nodes: picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it to blood, disposes of debris in the lymphatic stream, houses white blood cells involved in immunity
|
|
respiratory system
|
nasal cavity, larynx, trachea, lungs, bronchi: keeps blood constantly supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide, gaseous exchanges occur through the walls of the air sacs of the lungs
|
|
digestive system
|
oral cavity, esophagus, liver, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus: breaks down food into absorbable units that enter the blood for distribution to body cells
|
|
urinary system
|
kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra: eliminates nitrogenous wastes from the body, regulates water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance of the blood
|
|
reproduction system
|
male and female reproductive organs: the production of offspring
|
|
anatomical position
|
the body is erect with feet slightly apart, palms face forward and the thumbs point way from the body
|
|
prone position
|
the ventral side is down, and the dorsal side is up
|
|
supine position
|
lying down with the face up
|
|
dorsal body cavity
|
contains the cranial cavity and the vertebral cavity
|
|
thoracic body cavity
|
contains the heart and lungs
|
|
abdominal cavity
|
contains digestive organs
|
|
pelvic cavity
|
contains urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum
|
|
CT scans
|
use radiation, more expensive because they are more detailed than x rays
|
|
MRIs
|
similar to CT scans but uses magnets
|
|
ultrasounds
|
use sound waves to produce images
|
|
angiogram
|
imaging test that used x rays to view blood vessels
|
|
auscultation
|
listening to the sounds made by internal organs
|
|
meninges
|
coverings of the brain
|
|
palpation
|
using your hands to examine the body
|
|
percussion
|
tapping on the surface to determine the underlying structure
|
|
pericardial
|
encloses the heart and surrounds the remaining thoracic organs (esophagus, trachea, and others)
|
|
pleural
|
encloses the lungs
|
|
parietal
|
lines the cavity walls
|
|
visceral
|
covers the organs in the cavity
|
|
nervous tissue
|
brain, spinal cord, nerves
|
|
muscle tissue
|
muscles attached to bones, of the heart, and walls of hollow organs
|
|
epithelial tissue
|
lining of GI tract organs and other hollow organs, skin surface
|
|
connective tissue
|
bones, tendons, fat and other soft padding
|
|
squamous
|
flattened and scale-like cells
|
|
cuboidal
|
box-like
|
|
columnar
|
tall and column shaped
|
|
simple
|
consist of a single layer and are usually very thin, protection is not one of their specialties
|
|
stratified
|
contain two or more cell layers, durable, basal cells divide and push apically to replace the older surface cells
|
|
pseudostratified
|
all cells rest on the basement membrane but only the tallest cells reach the surface
|
|
transitional
|
forms the lining of hollow urinary organs which stretch as they fill with urine
|
|
polarity
|
cell regions near the apical surface differ from those near the basal surface
|