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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
stomach structures
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cardia around lower esophageal sphincter, fundus, body, pylorus, lesser curvature, greater curvature, rugae, gastric glands, muscularis, pyloric valve
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stomach body
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main portion of the stomach
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lesser curvature
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concave curvature in the stomach
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greater curvature
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convex curvature in the stomach
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rugae
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internally seen folds in mucosa with gastric pits
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chief cells
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zymogenic or petic cells that secrete pepsinogen
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parietal cells
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secrete HCl and intrinsic factor
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mucus cells
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secrete mucus which protects mucosa
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enteroendocrine cells
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Argentaffin cells, generate gastrin
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gastrin
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hormone secreted by enteroendocrine cells
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muscularis
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three layers, outer longitudinal, middle circular, inner oblique
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pyloric valve
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acidic chyme moves trhough into duodenum
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small intestine
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begins at pyloric valve tri-segmented, (duodenum, jejunum, ileum)
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duodenum
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first segment of small intestine, about 10" long
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jejunum
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second segment of small intestine, about 8' long
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ileum
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not the ilium of the hip, about 12' long, third portion of small instestine
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small intestine modifications
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long length, plicae circulares, villi, microvilli, intestinal glands, lymphoid nodules
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plicae circulares
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deep circular fold in mucosa and submucosa of small intestine
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villi
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projections on plicae that make mucosa look like velvet
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microvilli
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modifications of plasma membrane of absorptive cells
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intestinal juice
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secreted by intestinal glands (crypts and pits in the intestinal mucosa) contains carbohydrases, peptidases, intestinal lipase, nucleosidases and phosphatases
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submucosal glands
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or duodenal or Brunner's glands, secrete alkaline mucus to help neutralize acidic chyme
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ileocecal valve
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route by which ileum empties into the large intestine
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pancreas
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located in curve of duodenum, secretes pancreatic juices (sodium bicarbonate), pancreatic ducts which unites with common bile duct from hepatopancreatic ampulla
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pancreatic juice composition
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pancreatic amylase, proteases, pancreatic lipase, ribo and deoxyribonucleae
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Peyer's Patches
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aggregate lymphoid nodules
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major duodenal papilla
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termination of pancreatic ducts
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accesory ducts
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of pancreas, end at minor duodenal papilla
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liver
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one of the largest organs, 3 pounds in adults, located just under diaphragm, bilobed, right and left
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falciform ligament
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ligament that separates right and left lobes of liver
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ligamentum teres
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round ligament in free border of liver
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liver blood supply
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receives double amount, hepatic artery proper with oxygen, and hepatic portal vein without oxygen with nutrients
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internal anatomy of the liver
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bile capillaries (canaliculi) dump bile into bile ductules which dump into bile ducts which dump into right and left hepatic ducts which join to form the common hepatic duct which joins the cystic duct of the gall bladder
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common bile duct
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formed by the common hepatic duct and cystic duct which dumps into hepatopancreatic ampulla which empties into the lumen of the duodenum
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gallbladder
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sac attached to underside of the liver, empties into cystic duct, functions as to store and concentrate bile
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large intestine
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2.5" in diameter about 5' long, here fluid is absorbed and feces results, glands domintated by goblet cells, taenia coli, epiploic appendages, quadraregional
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taenia coli
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bands in outer longitudinal layer of tunica muscularis, shorter than intestine, cause puckering effect, haustra/sacculations are formed
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epiploic appendages
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fat filled tags of peritoneum
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cecum
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first area of the LI, blind pouch with vermiform appendix
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colon
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ascending, tranverse, descending and sigmoid
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rectum
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last 8" urge to defecate sensed when full, comprised of anorectal canal and rectal columns
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anal canl with anal columns
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fourth and final part of the LI, surrounded by two sphincters, internal of smooth muscle, external of skeletal muscle
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