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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
knee joint
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-largest, most complicated
-modified hinge joint |
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hip joint
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ball-and-socket formed by femur and hip
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elbow joint
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-hinge joint
-formed by humerus and radius&ulna |
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shoulder joint
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-ball-and-socket formed by head of humerus and scapula
-most freedom of movement than any other joint |
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temporomandibular joint
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-combined hinge/planar joint
-formed by mandible and temporal bone |
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only moveable joint between skull bones?
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temporomandibular joint (only mandible moves)
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arthroplasty of knee - total knee replacement
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femoral, tibial, and patellar surfaces removed and replaced by plastic spacer components
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arthroplasty of hip - total hip replacement
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acetebellum is reshaped and head of femur is removed
artificial acetabellum, head of femur, and metal shaft that inserts into femur replaces the original parts |
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partial hip replacement
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only involves femur
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effect of aging on joints
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less synovial fluid produced, articular cartilage becomes thinner, ligaments shorten and lose flexibility, osteoarthritis is partially age related
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factors affecting ROM
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-structure & shape of the bones that are articulating (determines how closely they fit together)
-strength and tension of the joint ligaments (tense ligaments restrict ROM) |
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ball-and-socket joints
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ball like end of one bone fitting into a cup-like depression of the articulating bone
ex: shoulder and hip |
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saddle joints
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one surface of a bone is a saddle shape and the other bone that articulates with it fits the saddle
ex: thumb |
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pivot joints
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Surface of one bone articulates with a ring formed partly by another
bone ex: atlanto-axial joint, b/w head of radius and radial notch of ulna |
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condyloid joint
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The projection of one bone fits into the oval-shaped depression of another bone
ex: wrist |
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planar joints
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-back-and-forth and side-to-side motion
ex: intercarpal joints |
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hinge joints
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-permits opening and closing like of a door
-permit only flexion and extension ex: knee and elbow |
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abduction
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movement of a bone away from the midline
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adduction
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movement of a bone toward the midline
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dorsiflexion
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pointing toe up
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plantar flexion
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pointing toe down
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opposition
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movement of the thumb across the palm to touch the fingertips on the same hand
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supination
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moving the forearm so the palm places up
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pronation
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moving the forearm so the palm faces down
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elevation
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superior movement of a body part
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depression
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inferior movement of a body part
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inversion
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medial movement of the sole
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eversion
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lateral movement of the sole
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protraction
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anterior movement of a body point in the transverse plane
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retraction
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posterior movement of a body part in the transverse plane
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circumduction
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distal end of a body part moves around in a circle
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rotation
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movement of a bone around its longitudinal axis (can be lateral or medial)
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flexion
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decrease angle between articulating bones
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extension
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increase angle between articulating bones
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3 types of joints:
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-Fibrous Joints
-Cartilaginous Joints -Synovial Joints |
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fibrous joints
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joints held together by dense collagen (irregular connective tissue) fibers.
little or movement. |
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cartilaginous joints
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bones held together by cartilage
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synovial joints
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bones held together by ligaments
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synarthosis
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an immovable joint
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amphiarthrosis
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semi-moveable joint
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diarthrosis
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a freely moveable joint
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3 types of fibrous joints
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syndesmoses, sutures, gomphoses
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syndesmoses
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have slight movement
-interosseous membrane (i.e. bw tibia and fibula) |
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gomphoses
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immovable joint
-Joint in which a cone-shaped peg fits into a socket -Articulations of the teeth with the sockets of the maxillae and mandible |
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cartilaginous joints
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-no synovial cavity
-little or no movement -tightly connected by cartilage 2 types: 1. Synchondroses 2. Symphyses |
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synchondroses
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-Connecting tissue is hyaline cartilage
-Epiphyseal (growth) plate |
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symphyses
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-slightly moveable joint
-Ends of the articulating bones are covered with hyaline cartilage, but a disc of fibrocartilage connects the bones |
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synovial joints
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-synovial cavity allows joint to be freely moveable
-ligaments hold bones together in a synovial joint |
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articular capsule
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A sleeve-like capsule encloses the synovial cavity ..
has two layers -an outer fibrous capsule -an inner synovial membrane-epithelial secretory cells |
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function of synovial fluid
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(secreted by synovial membrane)
-lubricates the joint -absorbs shocks -supply oxygen and nutrients to the cartilage -removing carbon dioxide and metabolic wastes from the cartilage |
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bursae
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-Sac-like structures containing fluid similar to synovial fluid
-Located between tendons, ligaments and bones -Cushion the movement of these body parts |
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tendon sheaths
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wrap around tendons and reduce friction at joints
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