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79 Cards in this Set
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Linnaeus
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Biological Classification System
Developed the taxonomic system we use today to classify all living organisms God’s Glory Great Chain of Being Based on visual similarity |
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taxonomy
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the classifying of living organisms
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taxon
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A name designating an organism or a group of organisms. In biological nomenclature according to Carl Linnaeus, a taxon is assigned a taxonomic rank and can be placed at a particular level in a systematic hierarchy reflecting evolutionary relationships
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vertebrates
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Internal skeleton
Vertebral column Shielded nerve tissue Brain Bilateral symmetry |
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bilateral symmetry
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Split down the middle, each side is identical to the opposite
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chordates
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Have the NOTOCHORD
Have gill slits at some point in life cycle (two basic kinds, Invertebrates & Vertebrates) |
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Strepsirrhini
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Primate suborder that includes the Lemurs, Lorises and Galagos (the prosimians)
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Prosimii
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.
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Haplorrhini
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Primate suborder that includes the tarsiers, monkeys, apes, and humans
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Anthropoidea
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.
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Platyrrhini
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Nostrils well-separated
and side-pointing 2133 dental pattern |
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Catyrrhini
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Nostrils close together
and downward pointing 2123 dental pattern |
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Cercopithecoidea
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Primate superfamily that includes all monkeys found in Africa and Asia
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Hominoidea
(hominoids) |
Superfamily
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Hominidae
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Human classification, FAMILY
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Homininae
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Human classification, SUBFAMILY
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Hominini
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Human classification, TRIBE
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Homo sapiens
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Human classification, Genus Species
HUMANS |
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fossil
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material evidence of past life on this planet
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quadrupedal
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term to describe an animal that moves using four legs
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bipedalism
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term used for the use of two legs rather than four for locomotion
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brachiation
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Form of arboreal locomotion for primates when they swing from tree limb to tree limb using only their arms
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terrestrial
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An animal that lives on land/the ground (not arboreal or aquatic)
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arboreal
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Animal that lives all or a majority of its life in trees
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ethology
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The comparative study of many cultures
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grooming
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This is done by individuals in a group in order to clean/maintain each others' body or appearance, very social activity, can be used to strengthen bonds or resolve conflict, reinforce social structures, family links, and build relationships
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altruism
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Acting in a way that has a net loss of energy to the actor and a net benefit in energy to the reciever
(opposite of mutualism which benefits both parties) |
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Roger Fouts
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He is co-director of the Chimpanzee and Human Communication Institute (CHCI) in Washington, and a professor of psychology at the Central Washington University. He is best known for his role in teaching Washoe the chimpanzee to communicate using sign language
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Washoe
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The chimpanzee who was the first non-human to learn to use a human language, that of American Sign Language
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Chimponauts
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Name given to the Chimpanzees used in place of astronauts to verify the safety and functioning ability of space crafts before humans did it.
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radiocarbon dating
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Used to estimate the age of organic remains from archaeological sites
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potassium-argon dating
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A radiometric dating method used in geochronology and archeology. It is based on measuring the products of the radioactive decay of potassium
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stratigraphy
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the study of the layering of the earth's sediments
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fluorine
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The chemical element with the symbol F and atomic number 9
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radiometric
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the measurement of electromagnetic radiation, including visible light
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half-life
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very often used to describe quantities undergoing exponential decay—for example radioactive decay
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relative dating
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Method of dating that provide us with assessments of a fossil's age relative to other fossils
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absolute dating
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the process of determining a specific date for an archaeological or palaeontological site or artifact
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femur
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The thigh bone.
In humans it is the longest and strongest bone |
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foramen magnum
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The opening on the bottom of the skull through which the spinal cord passes
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2123 dental formula (pattern)
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Dental pattern formula:
2123 |
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pelvis
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Bone structure located at the base of the spine. In the human it is formed by the sacrum and the coccyx.
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taphonomy
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the study of a decaying organism over time
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petrified
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the process by which organic material is converted into stone or a similar substance without decaying
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Prototheria
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Taxonomic group, subclass within mammals, represented today by the platypus and several species of echidna
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Metatheria
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Grouping within the animal class, mammalia. (Marsupials)
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Eutheria
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Eutherians are a group of mammals consisting of placental mammals plus all extinct mammals that are more closely related to living placentals (such as humans) than to living marsupials (such as kangaroos).
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Mammals
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Animals characterized by traits that include:
effective internal temperature generation and regulation (presence of hair for warmth) and mammary glands (which provide milk to suckle young) |
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opposability
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The amount a digit (finger for example) can be used. Mainly a term used with primates describing their thumbs.
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prehensile
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the quality of an appendage or organ that has adapted for grasping or holding (the tail on monkeys for example)
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dominance hierarchy
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The formation of a group, it occurs in most social animal species, including primates who normally live in groups
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Pan troglodytes
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"Common" Chimpanzee
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Pan paniscus
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Bonobo
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Pan troglodytes
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"Common" Chimpanzee
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ischial callosities
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calloused pad on the rump of old world monkeys
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omnivorous
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Eating both plants and animals as their primary food source
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gluteus maximus
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Large fleshy part which makes up a large portion of the shape and appearance of the buttocks
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5-y molar \ sagittal crest
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the bones which anchor muscle to the lower jaw or mandible; with the increased surface area indicating a large muscle mass (a large one indicates a powerful bite)
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osteology
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the scientific study of bones
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epiphyseal union
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The union of the vertebral column, can be used to determine age in an individual based on how united the vertebra are
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supraorbital torus (ridge)
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The bony ridge located above the eye sockets of all primates. The size varies with different species of primates.
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sexual dimorphism
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Difference between the sexes of a species in body size or shape
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estrus
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Behavioral and physiological sexual receptivity
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binomial nomenclature
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the formal system of naming specific species (gives it the two part name)
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homiothermy
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Having the ability to generate and regulate internal body temperature
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heterodont
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refers to animals which possess more than a single tooth morphology.
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forensic anthropology
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the application of the science of physical anthropology and human osteology (the study of the human skeleton) in a legal setting
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Jane Goodall
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Messenger of Peace, primatologist, ethologist, and anthropologist. She is well-known for her 45-year study of chimpanzee social and family interactions in Gombe Stream National Park, Tanzania, and for founding the Jane Goodall Institute
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Dian Fossey
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She was an American zoologist who completed an extended study of gorilla groups over a period of 18 years. She observed them daily for years in the mountain forests of Rwanda, initially encouraged to work there by famous paleontologist Louis Leakey.
Her work is somewhat similar to Jane Goodall's work with chimpanzees |
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steroscopic vision
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Binocular vision, can see (color and) can see/have depth perception. Both eyes on the front of the face
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Bonobo
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Pan paniscus
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Chordate
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group of animals that includes the vertebrates, together with several closely related invertebrates
They at some point in their life cycle had a notochord |
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notochord
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a flexible, rod-shaped body found in embryos of all chordates. It is composed of cells derived from the mesoderm and defines the primitive axis of the embryo
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Simiiformes
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The infraorder of primates to which humans belong (also called anthropoid primates)
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baboon
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Old world monkey with ischial callosities and live in troops
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macaque
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Old world monkey, most widespread
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troop
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A type of group in which (old world) monkeys (mainly) live
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band
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A term used for a social group in any environment
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community
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a group of interacting organisms sharing an environment
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