Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Definition: Prophylactic therapy |
Prevention of infections that have not yet developed- used in high risk patients with weakened immune system that would not be able to fight infection alone
|
|
Definition: Empiric Therapy |
Used when patients have a proven or suspected infection, but organism has not been identified |
|
Definition: Definitive therapy |
Used when the organism and treatment is known |
|
Definition: Bacteriostatic |
Antibiotics that inhibit growth of organism without killing it |
|
Definition: Bactericidal |
Antibiotics that kill organism |
|
Class of antibiotics that causes the most allergic reactions: |
Beta lactams |
|
Trimethoprim ADE |
Hematological ADE because it inhibits folate synthesis |
|
How does vancomycin cause Red Man's Syndrome? |
Causes histamine release |
|
Beta lactam class includes: |
Penicillins Cephalosporins Carbapenams |
|
Example of a monobactam (beta lactam class) |
Aztreonam |
|
ADE caused by Beta Lactam class: |
Hypersensitivity reactions: rash, drug fever, acute interstitial nephritis (AIN), anaphylaxis, also seizure from high doses |
|
Do you need to check renal function when administering a beta lactam? |
YES. |
|
MOA for Beta Lactam class: |
Inhibits transpeptidases (penicillin binding proteins- PBP) in bacterial cell wall |
|
Should two beta lactams be administered together? |
Probably not, but there are some exceptions. |
|
Beta lactam class lacks activity against: |
Mycoplasma pneumoniae Chlamydophila pneumoniae MRSA |
|
Only beta lactam that has activity against MRSA: |
Ceftaroline, a 5th generation cephalosporin |
|
Class penicillin: half life |
Short half life (< 2 hours) which is why it is often dosed multiple times per day |
|
Class penicillin: Renal effects |
Half life is prolonged in renal dysfunction |
|
Penicillin class ADE |
Hypersensitivity reactions Diarrhea in oral forms Poor absorption |
|
Natural Penicillin Agents |
Penicillin V (oral) Penicillin G (IV) |
|
Natural Penicillins are resistant to: |
Staphylococci |
|
Natural Penicillin MOA |
Inhibit cross-linking of peptidoglycan in cell wall, leading to autolysis and cell death |
|
Natural Penicillin Spectrum: GOOD level |
Treponema Pallidum Most streptococci including streptococcus pneumoniae
|
|
Natural Penicillin Spectrum: MODERADE level |
Enterococci |
|
Natural Penicillin Half Life |
Has a short half life- needs frequent dosing or continuous IV |
|
Natural Penicillin IM Forms |
Procaine Benzathine |
|
Natural Penicillins: Drug of choice for--- |
Syphilis --> Neurosyphilis Streptococcal infections, pharyngitis, endocarditis |
|
Antistaphlococcal Penicillins: Agents |
Nafcillin Oxacillin Dicloxacillin |
|
Antistaphlococcal Penicillins: MOA |
Inhibit cross linking of peptidoglycan in cell wall, leading to autolysis and cell death |
|
Antistaphlococcal Penicillin Spectrum: GOOD |
MSSA Streptococci |
|
Antistaphylococcal Penicillin Spectrum: POOR |
GNRs Enterococci Anaerobes MRSA |
|
Antistaphylococcal Pencillin ADE |
Similar to other beta lactams- hypersensitivity Higher chance of AIN |
|
Antistaphylococcal Penicillins can cause... |
Phlebitis |
|
Treatment for phlebitis (antistaphylococcal penicillin induced) |
1st generation cephalosporin |
|
Antistaphylococcal Pencillin Elimination |
Liver Does not need to be adjusted for renal dysfuction |
|
Antistaphylococcal Penicillin- what they're good for |
MSSA infections: endocarditis, skin and soft tissue infections |
|
Aminopencillins: Agents |
Amoxicillin Ampicillin |
|
Aminopencillin: MOA |
Inhibit crosslinking of peptidoglycan in cell walls, leading to autolysis and cell death |
|
Aminopencillin Spectrum: GOOD |
Streptococci Enterococci
|
|
Aminopenicillin Spectrum: MODERATE |
Enteric GNRs Haemophiles |
|
Aminopenicillin Spectrum: Poor |
Staphylococci Anaerobes Pseudomonas |
|
Aminopenicillin ADE |
Similar to other beta lactams: hypersensitivity Diarrhea when administered orally |
|
Amoxicillin vs. Ampicillin (Aminopenicillins) |
Amoxicillin is more bioavailable, better tolerated, and administered less frequently. |
|
Oral Aminopenicillin |
Amoxicillin |
|
IV Aminopenicllin |
Ampicillin |
|
Ampicillin is DOC for... |
Susceptible Enterococci |
|
DOC for susceptible enterococci |
Ampicillin |
|
Aminopenicillins: What they're good for |
GNRs, enterococci and streptococci Uncomplicated nosocomial infections
|
|
Amoxicillin: What it's good for |
URTI (streptococcal pharangytis- strep throat) Ear infection |
|
What is needed for bactericidal activity with aminopenicillins? |
Ampicillin must be combined with an aminoglycoside |