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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Heredity
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The act of passing on traits genetically from parents to offspring.
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Variation
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Differences between members of the same species due to their genetic make up.
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Genetics
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The scientific study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics.
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Gene
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A unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring.
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Asexual Reproduction
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A method of reproduction in which genetically identical offspring are produced from a single parent.
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Clone
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A group of organisms or cells produced asexually from one ancestor, to which they are genetically identical.
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Sexual Reproduction
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The production of new living organisms by combining genetic information from two different individuals.
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Life Cycle
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The series of changes in the life of an organism, including reproduction.
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Somatic Cell
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Any cell of a living organism other than the reproductive cells.
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Karyotype
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The number and visual appearance of the chromosomes in the cell nuclei of an organism or species.
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Homologous Chromosomes
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Chromosome pairs of the same length, centromere position, and staining pattern with genes for the same characteristics at corresponding loci. One from each parent.
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Sex Chromosomes
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Chromosome involved with determining the sex of an organism.
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Autosome
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Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome.
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Alternation of Generations
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A pattern of reproduction occurring in the life cycles of many lower plants and some invertebrates, involving a regular alternation between two distinct forms.
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Fertilization
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The action or process of fertilizing an egg, female animal, or plant, involving the fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote.
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Syngamy
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The fusion of two cells, or of their nuclei, in reproduction.
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Zygote
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A diploid cell resulting from the fusion of two haploid gametes; a fertilized ovum.
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Diploid Cells
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A cell containing two sets of chromosomes, one set inherited from each parent.
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Meiosis
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A type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell, as in the production of gametes.
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Haploid Cell
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A cell containing only one set of chromosomes.
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Meiosis I
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The first cell division of meiosis in which the two new cells contain one replicated chromosome from each homologous pair.
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Meiosis II
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The second division of a two-stage process of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that results in cells with half the chromosome number of the original cell.
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Synapsis
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The pairing of chromosomes at the start of meiosis.
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Tetrad
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A paired set of homologous chromosomes, each composed of two sister chromatids.
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Chiasma
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A point at which paired chromosomes remain in contact during the first metaphase of meiosis, and at which crossing over and exchange of genetic material occur between the strands.
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Crossing Over
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The exchange of genes between homologous chromosomes, resulting in a mixture of parental characteristics in offspring.
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