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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
karyotype
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arrangement of chromosomes in pairs by their size, shape, and general appearance in mitotic metaphase
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autosomes
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non-sex chromosomes
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sex chromosomes
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chromosomes that determine an organism's gender; exists in the form of X and Y
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genotype
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genetic make-up of an organism
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phenotype
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physical appearance of an organism
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Law of Dominance
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every gene is expressed in at least two alleles; if a dominant allele is present, it will always be expressed, while a recessive allele will only be expressed in homozygous form
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Law of Independent Assortment
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each pair of alleles are sorted into gametes in gamete formation independently
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Law of Segregation
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two alleles seperate in gamete formation and each gamete receives one allele
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codominance
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type of inheritance in which both alleles of a gene are expressed simultaneously (AB-type blood is an example of this)
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incomplete dominance
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type of inheritance in which one allele doesn't completely dominate the other, and thus, the offspring's phentype is an intermediate of the two parental varieties
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polygenic inheritance
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type of inheritance in which there are many genes which are responsible for a specific gene
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pleiotropy
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one gene which affects various traits (i.e. Marfan syndrome)
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epistasis
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recessive pair of alleles at one locus that alters the phenotypic expression of a dominant allele at a second locus (i.e. albino)
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multiple alleles
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a specific gene that has more than two alleles (i.e. alleles for blood: A, B, O)
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monohybrid cross
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cross that tracks the inheritance of a single character
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dihybrid cross
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cross that tracks the inheritance of two characters
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polygenic inheritance
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additive effect of two or more alleles on a single phenotypic character
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Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance
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theory developed by Boveri and Satton, which states that genes have specific loci on chromosomes, and it is the chromosomes that undergo segregation and independent assortment
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X-linked alleles
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alleles located on the X-chromosome
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linkage group
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alleles of different genes that are located on the same chromosome tend to be inherited together
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pedigree chart
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a "family tree" that traces a specific trait throughout a specific amount of generations of a family
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sex-linked traits
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genes for a specific trait are on the x-chromosome (i.e. colorblindness, hemophilia, muscular diptrophy)
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sex-influenced traits
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traits influenced by hormones on the x-chromosome (i.e. male baldness)
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