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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
in the beginning, psychology focused on the study of
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observable behaviors
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consciousness includes
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focused attention
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consciousness does not include
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sleeping, hypnosis,
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consciousness is defined as
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our awareness of ourselves and our environment
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conscious processing is
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serial
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list three biological rhthyms
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-feeling depressed in winter
-five sleep stages -female menstrual cycle |
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circadian rhythms are
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regular body clces that occur on a 24 hour schedule
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what is disrupted when we experience jet lag?
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our circadian rhthym
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cluster of brain cells that control circadian rhythm
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suprachiasmatic nucleus
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sleep-waking cycles of young people who stay up too late are typically ___ hours in duration
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25
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alpha waves are prevalent during which stage of sleep
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during the awake and relaxed stage
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what kind of brain waves are shown on EEGs of awake and relaxed individuals?
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alpha waves
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sleep spindles predominate which stage of sleep?
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stage 2
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what sleep stage is characterized by increased heart rate, rapid breathing, gential arousal?
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REM sleep
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during which sleep stage does the brain generate bursts of electrical activity?
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REM
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why is REM sleep called the paradoxical sleep?
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the body's muscles are relaxed
the brain and eyes are active |
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the auditory and visual centers of the brain light up in a PET scan when the sleeper is...
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in REM sleep
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the sleep cycle is ____ minutes long
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90
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the effects of chronic sleep deprivation include
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suppression of the immune system
altered metabolic and hormonal functioning impaired creativity |
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one effect of sleeping pills is to
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decrease REM sleep
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a person who fell asleep during a heated argument probably suffers from
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narcolepsy
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according to freud, dreams are
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a symbolic fulfillment of erotic wishes
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latent content of a dream=
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symbolic meaning not the overt meaning
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manifest content of a dream
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overt content - i.e. I flew around with a pink elephant
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people who heard unusual phrases prior to sleep were awakened each time they began REM sleep. The fact that they remembered less the next morning provides support for the ______ theory of dreaming
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information processing
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what are some theories about dreaming?
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-dreams facilitate info processing
-dreaming stimulates the brain -dreams result from neural activity originating in the brainstem |
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activation-synthesis theory,
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dreaming represents the brain's effort to integrate unrelated bursts of activity in visual brain areas with the emotional tone provided by limbic system activity
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when deprived of REM sleep what do people experience?
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REM rebound- increase in REM sleep and more immediate entering into REM sleep
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modern discovery of hypnosis is attributed to?
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freud ? not sure about this one
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who is likely to be the most hypnotically suggestible?
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a person with a rich imagination
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hypnotic responsiveness is
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generally greater in women than men (not 100% sure on this one)
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how does hypnosis affect memory retrieval?
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-most hypnotically retrieved memories are either false or contaminated
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posthypnotic suggestions have proved effective in the treatment of what?
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headaches, asthma, stress related skin disorders
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Are warts effectively treated by hypnosis?
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yes but no more effective than positive suggestion given without hypnosis
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those who contend that hypnosis is a social phenomenon contend that
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hypnotized subjects become unresponsive when they are no longer motivated to act as instructed
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those who believe hypnosis is a social phenomenon argue that hypnotized individuals are
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merely acting out a role
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according to hilgard, hypnosis is
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a disassociation btwn different levels of consciousness
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hypnosis is
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in part an extension of the division between conscious awareness and automatic behavior
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hypnosis does not
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-improve memory recall
-lead people to do anything/everything |
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psychoactive drugs affect behavior and perception through
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alteration of neural activity in the brain
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a person requires increasing amounts of a drug in order to feel its effect because they have developed this
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tolerance
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do biological factors place some individuals at increased risk for addiction?
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yes
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is professional therapy needed to overcome a drug addiction
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no
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do psychoactive drugs lead very quickly to addiction
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no
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is alcohol a stimulant?
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no- it's a depressant
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alcohol has the most profound affect on what aspect of memory?
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transfer from short term to long term memory
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