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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
British col. shielded by French [at first] by _____
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the Appalachians
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Heading northward the Mississippi R. becomes the ____
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St. Lawrence R. [transports from Canada to Gulf of Mexico]
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Order of Euro strength pre-"world wars"
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Spain, France, Britain
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Russians...
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in CA until 1840s
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Reasons for French Exploration
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need $ for foreign + civil wars [Catholics vs. Protestants]
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St. Bartholomew's Day [massacre]
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1572 - 10,000 Huguenots killed by Catholics
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_____, _______, and ________ were late to the New World
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England, Holland, France
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Edict of Nantes
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1598 [NEW ERA] for toleration of protestants by Henry V/the Navigator
- only way for France to explore Europe + New World |
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FR Indian ally
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Huron Indians
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Iroquois hate ____ b/c ____
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the French; b/c a "lightening stick" killed some of them on accident
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Natives w/most control over Ohio Valley
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Iroquois
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Huguenots went ____ in the Americas
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British colonies, Catholic French didn't want them --- low pop. in New France thus
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Kind of men to FR New World
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young, uncommitted, freespirited men - not family men
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Reasons why FR lost French-Indian War
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1.) side w/wrong group [Hurons<Iroquois]
2.) low population |
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New France Resource
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Beaver [fur for fashionable + warm hats in Europe]
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_____ & ____ decimated Indian pop.
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alcohol/"firewater", disease
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Jesuits
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not successful in converting natives - served well as explorers + documenting the land
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La Salle
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sails the Mississippi R. and claims Louisiana for FR
& to protect land, built forts alng the MI R. + Gulf |
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New France grew & exported
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Grain
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New France
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autocratic [no jury or rep. assembly], Catholic, slowly populating b/c no economic reason to leave France
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Louis XIV
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[1643-1715] throne @ 5 yrs., interest in New France colonies, "sun king",
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1608
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Fr est. Quebec on St. Lawrence R. - led by Champlain
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Samuel de Champlain
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"Father of New France", est. Quebec, friendly w/Hurons
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Antoine Cadillac
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to stop ENG from going to Ohio Valley, est. Detroit ["the city of straits"] in 1701
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Detroit
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"the city of straits", FR in 1701 est. by Cadillac
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New Orleans
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FR port on the Gulf to block SP
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the garden of New France
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mouth of Mississippi R.
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1688-1763
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4 world wars in Europe
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1st 2 World Wars
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King Williams's War [1689-97] & Queen Anne's War [1702-13] - British col. vs. French col. w/Indian allies
Reasons: control of land, trade + expansion - reg. armies not used -guerilla warfare!!!! |
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SP allies w/___
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FR
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Treaty of Utrecht
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1713, ENG given FR Acadia [=New Scotland/Novia Scotia + Hudson Bay + St. Lawrence]
then ENG salutory neglect of colonies & ENG won limited trading w/SP America |
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Novia Scotia Resource
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Cod
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Capt. Jenkins
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ENG captain, ear cut off by SP _ told to give it to his king
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The War of Jenkins' Ear
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1739 - ENG vs. SP in Caribbean + GA [w/Oglethorpe]
aka King George's War [in USA] + merged w/Austrian War of Succession [large scale] - FR allied w/SP & ENG took Louisbourg, Cape Breton Isle |
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Peace Treaty of 1748
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Louisbourg back to FR - NE outraged b/c no respect from old world diplos, ended War of Jenkins' Ear/King George's War
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Ohio Valley
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crucial to move W. [FR vs. ENG]
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1749
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ENG Virginians get "legal rights" to 50,000 acres in Ohio V. --- while FR making OH ports e..g Fort Duquesne
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In ____ G. Washington sent + fired at _____
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1754; Fort Duquesne
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Fort Necessity
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quickly made by Washington, surrendered July 4, 1954 [oh, the irony]
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Cajuns
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Acadians that ENG forced to LA in 1755 [FR speaking Catholics]
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1st 3 Anglo-FR colonial wars began in
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Europe
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French and Indian War / Seven Years' War
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est. in America,
Started by Ft. Necessity ENG + Prussia vs. SP, FR, Austria + Russia [Euro] FR lost so many in Europe, couldn't put effort in America |
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Frederick the Great
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repelled w/ 1/3 troops of enemy, Prussian
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1754 Albany, NY
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ENG assembly w/ representatives from 7 colonies, to keep Iroquois loyal [gave them guns,],
Long term plans = greater unity + defense vs. FR -Led by B. Franks |
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Ben Franklin's suggestion
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suggested home rule - but colonists couldn't decide on details
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General Braddock
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aka "Bulldog" [60 yrs. old] 1755 sent to seize Ft. Duquesne w/mostly "buckskins"/bad militiamen --- small amt. of FR + Indians beat the ENG!!!
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1756 ENG invaded Canada - problem =
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can't focus
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William Pitt
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"the Great Commoner",ENG PM, [1708-78], Fort Duquesne = Pittsburgh after the war, orator,
1757 led London Govt. ["organizer of Victory"] to concentrate w/young gens. on defeating FR Canada |
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1st ENG victory in French and Indian War
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1758 vs. Louisbourg
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James Wolfe
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sent to Quebec, FR defeated b/c ENG hid on a cliff
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Decisive point in French and Indian War
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Battle at Quebec
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1760
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Montreal falls + last FR flag in Canada
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Treaty of Paris [1763]
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after French and Indian War
- no FR in N. America --- left fertile population -kept several small W. Indies sugar isles & 2 islets in Gulf of St. Lawrence [never to be fortified] - bad for Indians b/c can't make Euros fight ea. other |
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Sp given ____ from ____ for French and Indian Ware
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LA [trans MI R.] + New Orleans ; France
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SP gave ENG ___ for ____
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FL; Cuba
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ENG emerges from French and Indian War as the
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strongest naval power [but w/shattered "British invincibility]
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INtercolonial disunity b/c
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1. enormous distance
2. geographical barriers 3. conflicting religions 4. varied nationalities 5. governments 6. boundary disputes 7. backcountry vs. bigwigs |
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Pontiac
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Ottawa chief in 1763 found ENG sleeping in OHio V. + killed all but 3 W. Appalachian posts
----given smallpox blankets |
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Proclamation of 1763
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London govt. prohibiting settlement beyond Appalachians - to fix Indian problem ---> angry colonists
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Le Grand Derangement/"the Great Displacement"
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1755 Acadians led to LA onto bayous w/sugar cane, sweet pot, Roman Catholicism Cajuns
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1840s flight from Quebec b/c
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lean harvest, short grow season, scarcity of land
---> FR worked NE lumber yards, textile mills, settled in N. woods |
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French and Indian/7 Years' War fought in...
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Americas, Europe, W. Indies, Philippines, Africa, + Ocean
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1758 French and Indian War changes tone
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becomes less about expansion and more about ENG defense vs. FR
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