Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the integumentary system? |
The covering system of the body which include various organs working together, chiefly the skin. |
|
What are the 5 functions of skin? |
protection: primary barrier for pathogens sensation: nerve endings which give info on pain and pressure body temperature regulation: blood flow increases synthesis of chemicals: Vitamin D from sun, absorbs chemicals. excretion: elimination of excess H2O, electrolytes and cellular waste through sweat. |
|
What are the two layers of the skin? |
The epidermis (superficial, stratified squamous epithelium) The dermis (deep, fibrous CT) |
|
What is Keratinization? |
As cells migrate further away from the dermal blood supply they accumulate a tough waterproof protein called keratin in their membranes. eventually they die and all that is left is a flattened out keratinized husk of a shell. |
|
What is the basal layer of the dermis? |
The deepest zone. |
|
What is the stratum corneum? |
the most superficial layer of skin you see from outside. they are flattened out and non living. |
|
What is a callus? |
an overzealous response of the epidermis to excess friction. it causes a buildup of dead epidermis. |
|
where are melanocytes found? |
The deepest epidermal layer. |
|
What do melanocytes produce? |
melanin; a pigment that absorbs UV radiation responsible for skin color, albinos, tanning, and freckles. |
|
what exocrine glands does the dermis contain? |
sebaceous glands and sweat glands. |
|
what is an exocrine gland? |
glands that produce a substance that is excreted out through a duct. |
|
what does the sebaceous gland do? |
makes sebum, the body's natural oil. |
|
What are Eccrine glands? |
most common sweat gland, body temp regulation. |
|
What are apocrine glands? |
sweat glands that product B.O. they being functioning at puberty. |
|
How does the skin regulate body temp? |
Sweat production : cool down Dermal Blood vessel dilation: the blood vessels in the dermis get narrower, conserving heat. |
|
Vasoconstriction __________s heat |
conserve (shivering.) |
|
Vasodilation __________s heat |
release (sweating) |
|
What is subcutaneous fascia? |
The tissue directly deep to the skin; loose connective tissue which contains a large amount of fat cells. |
|
What is the endocrine system? |
It helps coordinate body functions via chemical messengers known as hormones. |
|
what are endocrine glands? |
secrete their products (hormones) into body fluids rather than out of the body through a duct. |
|
What are the anterior pituitary hormones? |
Growth hormone (GH) Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) Adrenocoricotropic Hormone (ACTH) Folicle stimulating hormone (FSH) Lutenizing hormone (LH) Prolactin (PRL) |
|
What is the function of Growth Hormones? (GH) |
causes cells to increase in size and divide more often. |
|
What is the function of Thyroid stimulating Hormones? (TSH) |
increases release of thyroid stimulating hormones. |
|
What is the function of Adrenocorticopic Hormones? (ACTH) |
Controls the secretion of adrenal cortex hormones. |
|
What is the function of Follicle stimulating hormones?(FSH) |
Males: stimulates maturation of sperm cells Females: stimulates the maturation of ovarian follicles. |
|
What is the function of Luteinizing Hormones? (LH) |
Females: stimulates ovulation. Males: stimulates the cells which make androgens. |
|
What is the function of Prolactin? (PRL) |
stimulates mammary glands, and increases the effect of LH. |
|
What are the posterior pituitary hormones? |
Antidiuretic hormones (ADH) Oxytocin (OT) |
|
What is the function of Antidiuretic hormones? |
decreases urine output to conserve water. |
|
What is the function of oxytocin? |
Only during childbirth and in nursing women. Helps eject milk from the breast, and stimulates uterine contractions. |
|
Compare t3 to t4 |
t3 is 5x more potent than t4 |
|
What is the function of calcitonin? |
It tells the body you're all set on calcium and to start storing it in the bones. |
|
What is the parathyroid hormone also known as? |
parathormone |
|
where are the parathyroid glands located? |
the posterior surface of the thyroid, there are four pea sized glands, two on each side. |
|
What are the homones of the thyroid gland? |
T3 and T4, Calcitonin. |
|
what are the hormones of the parathyroid glands? |
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) |
|
What is the function of parathormone? PTH |
raises blood calcium levels. |
|
What is the function of T3 and T4? |
Controls basal metabolic rate in body tissues. |
|
What are the adrenal glands? |
two separate glands on top of the kidneys, the cortex(outer) and the medulla(inner) |
|
What are the hormones of the cortex? |
Alosterone cortisol adrenal sex hormones |
|
What is the function of Aldosterone? |
Retains sodium, retains H2O, increases blood volume, increases blood pressure. |
|
What is the function of cortisol? |
controls blood sugar levels. (stress hormone) |
|
What is the function of Adrenal sex hormones? |
might(?) stimulate early development of reproductive organs and supplement the supply of sex hormones from the gonads. |
|
What are the hormones of the medulla? |
epinephrine and norepinephrine (adreniline and nonadreniline. control stress response.) |
|
what kind of gland is the pancreas? |
endocrine and exocrine. |
|
what is the structure of the pancreas? |
99% of the pancreas is made of secretory cells, and a duct system (exocrine function for the digestive system. 1% is made of small masses of endocrine tissue scattered throughout. |
|
what are the hormones of the pancreas? |
Glucagon and insulin. |
|
what is the function of glucagon? |
raises blood glucose levels. |
|
what is the function of insulin? |
lowers blood glucose levels. sends things to liver to store. |