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125 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Buddha Calling the Earth to Witness,
Pala Period, 9th century, black chlorite, Bengal |
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The Assault of Mara, 8th-9th century, painted and gilded ivory, Kashmir
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Seated Vajrapani, 8th-9th century, brass, Kashmir
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Bodhisattva Padmapani, ca. 12th century, bronze, Nepal
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Mahakala with companions, ca. 1450, ink, color, and gold on cotton, Tibet
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Hevajra Mandala, ca. 15th century, colored pigments on cloth, Tibet(Hevajra in the center with consort Nairatma)
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Aerial and side views of Borobudur, Sailendra Dynasty, ca. 800, Java,Indonesia
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Siddartha leaving the palace, Borobudur, Sailendra Dynasty, ca. 800, Java, Indonesia
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Sudhana comes to the abode of Maitreya Bodhisattva, Borobudur, Sailendra Dynasty, ca. 800, Java, Indonesia
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Harihara, sandstone, pre-Angkor period, 7th century
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Banteay Shrei, Angkor Period, 2nd half of 10th century,sandstone, Cambodia
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Tympanum frieze, Banteay Shrei, Angkor Period, 2nd half of 10th century, sandstone, Cambodia
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Angkor Vat, Angkor Period, 1st half of 12th century, sandstone, Cambodia
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Churning of the Sea of Milk, Angkor Vat, Angkor Period, 1st half of 12th century, sandstone, Cambodia
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The Bayon, Angkor Period, 13th century, sandstone, Cambodia
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Great Bath, Indus Valley Civilization, Mohenjo-daro
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High priest, Mohenjo-daro, Indus Valley civilization, limestone
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Male torso, Indus Valley Civilization, Harappa, red sandstone
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Dancing girl, Indus Valley Civilization, Mohenjo-daro, copper
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Female figure with headdress, Indus Valley Civilization, Mohenjo-daro,clay
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Seal with bull, Indus Valley Civilization, Mohenjo-daro, steatite
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Seal with seated yogi, Indus Valley Civilization, Harappa, steatite
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Lion capital from Ashokan pillar, Mauryan period, ca. 274-237 BCE,Chunar sandstone
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Bull capital from Ashokan pillar, Mauryan period, ca. 274-237 BCE,Chunar sandstone
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Seated Buddha with attendants, Kushan period, ca. 124 CE, Mathura region, red sandstone
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Buddha Preaching, Kushan period, ca. 182 CE, Gandhara region, grey schist(flanked by two bodhisattvas on the outside: Avalokiteshvara and Maitreya, andtwo Hindu deities on the inside: Surya and Indra)
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The First Sermon, Gupta Period, ca. 475, Chunar sandstone, Sarnath
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Cave 19, Ajanta, Gupta Period, late 5th century CE, Maharashtra(detail of stupa on the right)
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Cave 17, Ajanta, Gupta Period, late 5th century CE, Maharashtra
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The bodhisattva Padmapani, Cave 1, Ajanta, Gupta period, ca. 500 CE, Maharashtra
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Shiva Maheshvara, Cave 1, Elephanta, Chalukyan Period, 7th century, Maharashtra
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View of stupa from balcony of Cave 10, Ellora, Chalukyan Period, ca. 650, Maharashtra
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Nandi Shrine (L) and Ramayana friezes (R), Cave 16 (Kailash Temple), Ellora, Rashtrakutan Period, 2nd half of 8th century, Maharashtra
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Ravana Shaking Mt. Kailash, Cave 16 (Kailash Temple), Ellora, Rashtrakutan Period, 2nd half of 8th century, Maharashtra
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Arjuna Rath, Pandava Raths, Pallava Period, early 7th century, Mamallapuram, Tamil Nadu
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Arjuna Rath, Pandava Raths, Pallava Period, early 7th century, Mamallapuram, Tamil Nadu
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Descent of the Ganges, granite, Pallava Period, 7th century,Mamallapuram, Tamil Nadu
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Shore Temple, granite blocks, Pallava Period, 8th century, Mamallapuram, Tamil Nadu
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Shrine, Kailash Temple, Pallava Period, early 8th century, Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu
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Yakshi, late Maurya or early Shunga period, sandstone, Madhya Pradesh
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Caitya hall, Bhaja, Shunga period, ca. 1st century BCE, Maharashtra
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Surya and Indra, façade of Vihara 19, Bhaja, Shunga period, ca. 1st century BCE, Maharashtra
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Surya and Indra, façade of Vihara 19, Bhaja, Shunga period, ca. 1st century BCE, Maharashtra
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Great Stupa, Sanchi, Shunga and early Andhra periods, 3rd century BCE-early 1st century CE, Madhya Pradesh
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Yakshi, torana of Great Stupa, Sanchi, early Andhra period, 1st century CE, Madhya Pradesh
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Vessantara Jataka, torana of Great Stupa, Sanchi, early Andhra period, 1st century CE, Madhya Pradesh
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Scene of devotion, torana of Great Stupa, Sanchi, early Andhra period, 1st century CE, Madhya Pradesh
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Buddha taming the maddened elephant, from the railing of the Amaravati stupa, Andhra period, late 2nd century CE, Andhra Pradesh
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Gold coin from the reign of King Kanishka IL: front side (image of King Kanishka I)R: back side (image of Buddha)Kushan period, 2nd century CE
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•Highly organized politically and socially not just a collection of dwellings
•Sites found in 1865 accidentally while building a railroad •Built on mounds to prevent flooding •35,000 to 40,000 people resided in the city •Urban civilization oGold, Jade, copper form Afghanistan and turquoise from India oFarmers (wheat, barley, sesame, melon, dates, pea greens, ect) oAnimal husbandry (dogs, cats, buffalo, ect) |
Mohenjo-Daro
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o Highly developed sewage systems
o 8ft deep o 39ft long o 23ft wide o May have kept aquatic reptiles o Citizens bathed |
Great Bath
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used as an ornamental building material (red with iron oxide)
• small • simplified faces and bodys • distorted |
Terracotta
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(soft powdery soapstone)
• Carved with sharp tools, baked to hardened • Animals to represent clans and religions • Bulls important in agricultural • Cows represent fertility • Inscriptions are unable to be deciphered • Used during trade • 1or 2 inches squares |
Steatite
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“noble one” – Northwest India
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Aryans
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• Songs and hymns passed down orally until finally written down
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Vedas
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• Priests made offerings to the gods by throwing grain or butter into a fire to send them to the gods (fire offerings)
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Vedic
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• type of textbook for the Brahmans (priests) for the ceremonies to carry out fire offerings
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Brahmanas
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• priests who were thought to have sway with gods
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Brahamans
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• Sixty-six new religions developed in this period based on Vedic social hierarchy (priests above everyone else, closest to gods)
• Priests asked gods for favors or made wishes, gave fire offerings to please the gods • Questioned the nature of being, how to reunite the people with the universe |
Upanishadic
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• Actions in current life time effect the next life
• Looking beyond lust and jealousy affects karma positively, theft and murder affects it negatively • How morality impacts rebirth |
o Karma
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• The cycle of death and rebirth to which life in the material world is bound
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o Samsara
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• Interrelated karma and samsara
• World is imagery, world is an illusion • The supernatural power wielded by gods and demons to produce illusions • The illusion or appearance of the phenomenal world |
o Maya
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religious figures- great victory
o A grate teacher who has attained liberation from Karma •“victors” – obtain enlightenment o Enlightenment frees soul from material things o Jinas were teachers rather than deity, and were the only people to not need teachers o Did not farm so as not to harm life (worms, ants, ect) o Became merchants |
• Jina
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o Founder of Jainism
o Hostarity and penance |
Mahavira
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• The enlightened one
o Born a prince in Lumeni o Physically examined as a baby and found to have 32 signs of a great man • bump on his head • web hands and feet Signs meant he would either be a nomadic beggar or would stay home and be a good king |
• Shakymuni Buddha/Siddartha Gautama (Great Hero)
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o Birth
oRenunciation of the princely life o Meditation in the forest o The assault of Mara o Enlightenment under the bodhi tree o Preaching at Sarnath o The miracle of Shravasti o The parinirvana |
• Eight events of the Buddha’s life
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• all life is suffering
• the origin of suffering is attachment • the end of suffering is attainable • the means of ending suffering is through the eightfold path |
o 4 noble truths
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• right view, right intention, tight speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, and right contemplation
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eightfold path
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• Male nature spirit in Buddhism
incorporated in to Hindu, Janism, and Buddhism mythology |
Yaksha
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• Female nature spirit in Buddhism
Hindu, Janism, and Buddhism mythology |
Yakshi
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• Type of death which is to be envied, where you die and are not reborn again
• Good thing o To be released permanently not to be released again |
Parinirvana
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• Relics
o Traces of the Buddha o Pearls, gold, crystal, teeth or bones of the Buddha • distributed trough out the 8 kingdoms |
Stupa
• the remains of important monks can be berried in the Stupa • brick covers the original earth and mound • 84000 Stupas built though out the empire |
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is the big opening in the gate to the stupa
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• torana
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is the small railed platform at the top of a stupa
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• harmika
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• very top three umbrellas , three jewels of Buddha
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chattra
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• Buddha
• Buddha’s law/teaching (dharma) • Monastic community (samgha) |
o Three jewels of Buddhism:
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• Carved backward into the rock
• More finished • Round chamber o Holds a round stupa • Carved from the rock • Path around the stupa and wall of the circle chamber Walk around the stupa is a from of worship • Circumambulation |
Caitya hall
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• Path around the stupa and wall of the circle chamber
Walk around the stupa is a from of worship |
• Circumambulation
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o On the walls
o Man and woman o 6 pairs o over life size o generalized representation of human figures |
• Mithuna
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• one of the most famous Buddhist monastery
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Vihara 19
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sun god, in a chariot
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• Surya
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god of thunder, on an elephant
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• Indra
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similar to the railing surrounding the stupa
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• Harmika
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umbrella at top of stupa represents the 3 jewels of Buddha
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• Chattra
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• Stories of the Buddha’s previous life times
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Jataka tale
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images of the Buddha
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Iconic representation
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• Stay in the world to help others reach enlightenment
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Bodhisattva
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Nature deities
Signify Heavenly realm |
• Apsaras
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• Hindu deity, the creator of the universe
• Has faces all around his head, all-knowing |
Brahma
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• Hindu deity, the preserver of the universe
• Could change into different forms in order to save the universe |
Vishnu
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• Hindu deity, the destroyer of the universe, who also brings new life in the wake of destruction
o Destroyer and rejuvenator |
Shiva
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(“symbol”), disagreement between Brahma and Vishnu about who was greater and Brahma created a pillar of flame so that whoever could reach the top would win, but neither could do so because the pillar of fire was limitless
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• Lingam
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• Said to be the second consort or wife of Shiva
• Said to have formed a lingam out of a fistful of sand |
• Parvati
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o The dancing Shiva
o Lord of the dance o His destructive aspect o Paving the way for new life o 6 arms |
• Nataraja
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• Nature goddess
• Warrior goddess to kill the Bull-Demon • Durga killing the Bull-Demon, rock-cut relief, Pallava Period, 7th century • Durga uses bow and arrow to kill a half-man, half-bull demon • Demon was able to change between man and bull |
Durga
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southern Indian type of tower, like a set of nesting dolls, smaller into larger over and over again, specific layerso
What marks the Shrine o Most sacred sight o Multiple layers o Repetition of components |
shikara
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porch used to gatherings, sometimes for dancing, etc.
• In fount of the Shrine |
Mandapa
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• Already a site that the Buddha was known to pass through even before it became a university and place of study
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Nalanda
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– original model is carved out of wax and a mold is made for many of the smaller sculptures
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lost-wax casting
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• Cut through imagery and illusions to help one to enlightenment and help sever one from attachments to illusions of the world
• Has prongs at each end |
Vajra
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– type of Buddhism which must be shown, suggests secrecy
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• Esoteric Buddhism
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Buddhist ritual of uttering Buddhist prayers and incantations while making specific hand gestures and trying to imagine the Buddhist deity in the mind’s eye
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• Tantric Buddhism
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bringing 3 practices together
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• Tantra
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o Rolled up image
o On to cotton fabric o Hung in displayed in Buddhist temples for rituals o When not in use it is rolled up for storage o Symmetry and organization o Can be commissioned for dedication for a sick person, merit |
• Thangka
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o looking at the aerial view can see the shape of the structure
o carved images of the Buddha o 72 stupas o 3 diminution space |
mandala
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Borobudur
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o Mt. Sumeru/Mt. Meru
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o Story’s Who searched for enlightenment
o 52 teachers |
Gandavyuh- Sudhana
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the god-king, in this case the Buddha on earth
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Devaraja
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• Ruled till 850 CE, I identified himself with Shiva. Either Jaya II or his immediate descendants created the concept of the temple-mountain the temple or temple complex standing on a natural or constructed elevation, in which the divinity of the king might be said to dwell and which eventually became his mortuary shrine.
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King Jayavarman II
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• Identified with Vishnu rather than Shiva. He built Angkor Vat as his temple-mountain several miles south of Angkor proper
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King Suryavarman II
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• Adopted Buddhism, identifying himself with Lokeshvara.
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King Jayavarman VII
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• Combine attributes of Shiva and Vishnu
• Cambodian style facial features |
Harihara
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3 curves like a “s”
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• Tribhanga
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• King J II
• Temple built on a platform • Material was floated down the river to building sight • A city built within a city • 495 • covered balconies |
Angkor
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Parashurameshvara Temple, ca. 700 CE, chlorite, Orissa
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Kandarya Mahadeva Temple, ca. 1000, sandstone, Madhya Pradesh
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Kandarya Mahadeva Temple, ca. 1000, sandstone,Madhya Pradesh
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Sun Temple (Surya Deul), chlorite, ca. 1240, Orissa
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Ceiling frieze of celestial dancers, Tejpala’s Temple, 1232, white marble, Mount Abu, Rajasthan
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L’al and Sanwlah, Akbar Viewing a Wild Elephant (Captured near Malwa in 1564), from the Akbar Nama, Mughal Period, ca. 1600, ink and color on paper
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Tuti-Nama (Tales of a Parrot): The Parrot Addresses Khojasta at the Beginning of the Seventh Night, Mughal Period, 16th century, color and gold on paper
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Balchan, The Dying Inayat Khan, Mughal Period, early 17th century, ink and light color on paper
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Akura Drives Krishna and Belarama to Mathura, Rajput, 16th century, ink and color on paper (translation: “Akura, having left the women weeping, rose up and drove the chariot.”)
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Poems of Spring, from the Vasanta Vilasa, Rajput, mid 16th century, color on cotton cloth
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A Young, Angry Heroine (Adhira Nayaka), from a Rasamanjari, Rajput, early 17th century, color on paper (partial translation: “You are expert in flirtation; you are charming; you are my lord and wonderful in your youthful handsomeness.”)
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