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85 Cards in this Set
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Representational art (also known as figurative art)
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art that portrays, however altered or distorted, things perceived in the visible world
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realistic approach
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portraying people and things as they are seen by the eye or really thought to be, without idealization or distortion
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expressionistic
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marked by frenzied brushstrokes that mirror the torment of one's inner life
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abstract art
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characterized by a simplified or distorted rendering of an object that references the essential nature of that object
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nonobjective art
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makes no reference to visible reality
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subject matter
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the story that the work is telling, or the scene that it depicts, or the figures or objects it represents in visual terms
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content
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the why of a work of art that includes
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iconography
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the study of the themes and symbols in the visual arts
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visual elements
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line, shape, value, color, texture, space, time and motion
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hue
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color
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coloras blue-green
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cool
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colors yellow-orange-red
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warm
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saturation
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the degree of purity of hue measured by its intensity or brightness
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shades
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the degree of darkness of a color determined by the extent of its mixture with black
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tint
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the lightness of a color as determined by the extent of its mixture with white
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surrealism
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a 20th century art style whose imagery is believed to stem from unconscious, irrational sources and that therefore takes on fantastic forms
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picture plan
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the flat, 2-D surface on which a picture is created
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atmospheric perspective
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the illusion of depth that is created through grades of texture and brightness, color saturation, and warm and cool colors
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texture gradient
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the relative roughness of nearby and distant objects in 2-D media; nearby objects are usually rendered with more detailed and rougher surfaces than distant objects
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brightness gradient
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the relative degree of intensity in the rendering of nearby and distant objects, used to create an illusion of depth in a 2-D work
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chiaroscuro
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an artistic technique in which subtle gradations of value create the illusion of rounded 3-D
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relative size
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the size of an object or figure in relation to other objects or figures or the setting
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linear perspective
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a system of organizing space in 2-D media in which lines that are in reality parallel and horizontal are represented as converging diagonals. Based on foreshortening, in which the space between the lines grows smaller until it disappears, just as objects appear to grow smaller as they become more distant
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vanishing points
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in linear perspective, a point on the horizon where parallel lines appear to converge
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horizon
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in linear perspective, the imaginary line along which converging lines meet
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principles of design
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unity and variety, emphasis and focal point, balance and rhythm, and scale and proportion
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medium
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the materials and methods used to create an image or object in drawing , painting, sculpture, and other arts
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Paleolithic
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late years of Old Stone Age
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Mesolithic
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Middle Stone Age
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Neolithic
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New Stage Age
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naturalism
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representation that survives to imitate nature rather than to express intellectual theory
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foreshortening
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diminishing the size of the parts of an object that are represented as farthest from the viewer. Specifically, rendering parts of an object as receding from the viewer at angles oblique to the picture plane so that they appear proportionately shorter than parts of the objects that are parallel to the picture plane
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Venuses
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the Roman goddess of beauty; a prehistoric fertility figure, such as the Venus of WIllendorf
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cuneiform
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wedge-shaped; descriptive of the characters used in ancient alphabets
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ziggurat
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a temple tower in the form or a terraced pyramid, built by ancient Assyrians and Babylonians
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lapis lazuli
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an opaque, blue, semiprecious stone
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basalt
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a dark, tough volcanic rock
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ibexes
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wild goats
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Fertile Crescent
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the arable land lying between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in ancient Mesopotamia
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Fertile Ribbon
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the arable land lying the Nile River in Egypt
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volutes
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in architecture, a spiral scroll ornamenting an Ionic and Corinthian capital
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incise
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to cut into with a sharp tool
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cosmetic palette
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a palette for mixing cosmetics, such as eye makeup, with water
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registers
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horizontal segments of a structure or work of art
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Horus
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the ancient Egyptian sun god
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canon of proportions
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a set of rules governing the proportions of the human body as they are to be rendered by artists
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living rock
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natural rock formations, as on a mountainside
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porticoes
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the entrance facade of a Greek temple, adapted for use with other buildings and consisting of a colonnade, entablature, and pediment
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mortuary temple
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an Egyptian temple of the New Kingdom in which the pharaoh worshiped and was worshiped after death
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colonnades
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a series of columns placed side by side to support a roof or a series of arches
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pre-Hellenic
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of ancient Greece before the 8th century BC
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pictographs
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a simplified symbol of an object or action
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magazines
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in architecture, a large supply chamber
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rosettes
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a painted or sculpted circular ornament with petals and leaves radiating from the center
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lintel
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in architecture, a horizontal member supported by posts
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bevel
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to cut at an angle
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tholos
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in architecture, a beehive-shaped tomb
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shaft graves
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a vertical hole in the ground in which one or more bodies are buried
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stele
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an engraved stone slab or pillar that serves as a grave marker
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Hellenism
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the culture, thought, and ethical system of ancient Greece
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Classical art
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art of the Greek Classical period, spanning roughly 480-400 BC; also known as Hellenic Art
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humanism
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a system of belief in which humankind is viewed as the standard by which all things are measured
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rationalism
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the belief that ethical conduct is determined by reason
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idealism
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the representation of forms according to a concept of perfection
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Geometric period
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a period of Greek art from about 900 to 700 BC during which works of art emphasized geometric patterns
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Doric order
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the earliest and simplest of the Greek architectural styles, consisting of relatively short, squat columns, sometimes unfluted, and a simple, square-shaped capital
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Archaic period
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a period of Greek art dating roughly 660-480 BC. the term means "old" and refers to the art created before the Classical period
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volute krater
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a wide-mouthed vessel (krater) with scroll-shaped handles
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black-figure painting
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a three-stage firing process that fives vases black figures on a reddish ground.
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slip
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in ceramics, clay that is thinned to the consistency of cream for use in casting, decorating, or cementing
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oxidizing phase
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1st phase in black-figure painting - oxygen in the kiln turns the vase and slip red
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reoxidizing phase
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3rd phase in black-figure painting - oxygen is reintroduced into the kiln, turning the vase red once more
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reducing phase
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2nd phase in black figure painting - oxygen is eliminated from the kiln and the vase and slip turn black
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megaron
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a rectangular room with a two-columned porch
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cella
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the small inner room of a Greek temple, used to house the statue of the god or goddess to whom the temple is dedicated
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Ionic order
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a moderately ornate Greek architectural style introduced from Asia Minor and characterized by spiral scrolls (volutes) on capitals and a continuous frieze
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Corinthian order
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the most ornate of the Greek architectural styles, characterized by slender, fluted columns and capitals with an acanthus leaf design
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stylobate
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a continuous base or platform that supports a row of columns
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capital
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in architecture, the area at the top of the shaft of a column that provides a solid base for the horizontal elements above
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entablature
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in architecture, a horizontal structure supported by columns, which, in turn, supports any other element, such as a pediment, that is place above; from top to bottom, it consists of a cornice, a frieze, and an architrave
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architrave
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in architecture, the lower part of an entablature, which may consist of one or more horizontal bands
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frieze
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in architecture, a horizontal band between the architrave and the cornice that is often decorated with sculpture
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cornice
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in architecture, a horizontal molding that projects along the top of a wall or a building; the uppermost part of an entablature
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triglyphs
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in architecture, a panel incised with vertical grooves that serve to divide the scenes in a Doric frieze
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metope
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in architecture, the panels containing relief sculpture that appear between the triglyphs and the Doric frieze
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