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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Bleeding d/o with prolonged aPTT and abnormal bleeding time
|
von Willebrand disease
(most common inherited) |
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Clotting factors that are Vit K dependent
|
2, 7, 9, 10
Deficiency prolongs PT |
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What affects
-bleeding time -PT -aPTT -TT |
-platelet function
-extrinsic & common pathway -intrinsic & common pathway -common pathway |
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Why is G6PD deficiency a/w anemia
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Hemolysis during excessive ROS
(viral infection, fava beans, sulfa drugs, quinine, nitrofurantoin) Heinz bodies |
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Significance of cold antibodies
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IgM (0-4 C)
-mycoplasma pneumonia -mononucleosis -lymphoma (Raynaud's) |
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Cause of megaloblastic anemia
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Hypochromic, macrocytic anemia
Deficiency Folate (anemia only) B12 (anemia & neurological symptoms) |
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Plummer-Vinson syndrome
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Anemia
Atrophic gastritis Esophageal webs |
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Fanconi Anemia
|
AR
hypoplastic thumbs Absent radi Aplastic anemia |
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Significance of:
-heinz bodies -howell-jolly bodies -basophilic stippling -siderocytes -reticulocytes |
-G6PD deficiency
-Post-splenectomy -lead poisoning -Fe overload (Pannenheimer bodies) -increased RBC production, recovery from hemorrhage |
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Causes of drug-induced neutropenia
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Alkylating agents
Chloramphenicol Chlorpromazine Sulfonamides Phenylbutazone |
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ALL
|
Children
-fever -petechiae -echymosis -CNS infiltrate Px good |
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AML
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Any age
-fever -petechiae -ecchymosis -lymphadenopathy (splenomegaly) Px depends Auer Rods |
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CML
|
Young adult
-fever -night sweats -splenomegaly Px poor Philadelphia Chromosome (c9,22: bcr:abl) |
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CLL
|
Elderly
-insidious -few symptoms -low Ig level -infection Px fair |
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Hairy Cell Leukemia
|
HSM
Pancytopenia Px poor |
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Disease a/w Reed-Sternberg cells
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Hodgkin's disease
-spread contiguity -No leukemic component |
|
Multiple Myeloma
|
malignant
IgG or IgA -osteoclast activating "punched out" lesions -Bence-Jones protein (amyloidosis) |
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Monckelberg's Arteriosclerosis
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Media calcific stenosis
"gooseneck lumps" small & medium arteries asymptomatic |
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What do macrophages turn into a/w arteriosclerosis?
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Foam cells
"fatty streaks" |
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Arteritis a/w temporal a.
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Giant Cell Arteritis
-sudden blindness -F > M -a/w polymyalgia rheumatica |
|
Type of aneurysm found in
-abd aorta -ascending aorta -aorta (A or D) -circle of willis -cerebral/retinal |
-atherosclerotic
-syphilitic -dissecting (Marfan) -berry (congenital & a/w PKD) -micro (HTN & DM) |
|
Heart sound - continuous murmur & machine-like
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Patent ductus arteriosus
(kept open by PGE2 & PGI2) |
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Defects seen in TORCH
|
(toxoplasmosis, rubella, CMV, herpes)
-Cardiac -microcephaly -auditory & visual defects |
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Tetrology of Fallot
|
#1 cyanotic (R --> L shunt)
-pulmonary a. stenosis -overriding aorta -VSD -RV hypertrophy |
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Prinzmetal's angia
|
At rest
ST elevation Tx- CCB |
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Post-MI: time period most susceptible to myocardial rupture
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1-2 wks post MI
(soft, yellow granulation tissue) 3-7 d (resorption of dead myofibrils) |
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Consequences of RHF
|
Increased venous pressure
-edema -liver congestion "nutmeg liver" -ascites |
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Differentiate Infective Endocarditis
Acute vs. Subacute |
Acute: S. aureus, Strep, Janeway lesions, high fever, hematuria
Subacute: S. viridans, G - bacilli, Roth spots, Osler nodes, low grade fever |
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Key features fibrinous pericarditis
|
Transmural MI
Dresslers syndrome: delayed (2-10 wk after), d/t autoAb Tx - steroids |
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Major Jones criteria
-polyarthritis -erythema -subQ nodules -chorea -carditis |
Acute Rheumatic Fever
1-4 wk post tonsilitis w/ grp A beta hemolytic Strep 5-15 yo --> Rheumatic HC (Mitral valve) |
|
Low FRC & TLC
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Obstructive lung disease
-emphysema -chronic bronchitis -asthma -bronchiectasis |
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Low FRC & VC & TLC
|
Restrictive lung disease
-ARDS -Pneumoconiosis -Hypersenstivity pneumonitis -Goodpastures -Pulmonary hemosiderosis -Alveolar proteinosis -Eosinophilic pneumonia -Diffuse idiopathic fibrosis -Collagen vascular d/o |