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82 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
This spectrum shows bright lines on a dark background
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emission spectrum
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Spectrum that shows all wavelengths of equal brightness
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continuous spectrum
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A red neon sign glows and heats a thin gas, which makes it give off what type of line?
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red emission lines
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Analyzing the spectrum of a star tells us its
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chemical composition
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What causes absorption lines in the solar spectrum
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the absorption of light by atoms in the solar atmosphere.
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Spectrum of a hot, low pressure glowing gas gives off what type of line?
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series of bright lines
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Electrons in an emission spectrum jumps?
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to lower levels and emitting energy.
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what is special about Larger telescopes
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they allow fainter objects to be seen, and give higher magnification.
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New born stars are made from
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interstellar clouds of dust and gas.
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We can predict the properties of new stars if we know what?
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the mass and chemical composition.
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Why does the moon orbit Earth?
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centripetal force supplied by gravity and directed towards earth.
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Explain the law of conservation Energy
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energy can change form, but the amount remains constant and energy cannot be created or destroyed.
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Explain the 4 steps in the real world process of Science.
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Impressions and observation lead to
a model then a Metaphor (accuracy, geometry, aestethics, physics Last, the observations are explained. |
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One of Tychos discoveries, this discovery is defined as brightening of a star that lasts a few weeks which is....
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nova , now called a supernova (explosion of distant star)
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Netwons third law
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Third Law: For any force, there is always an equal and opposite reaction force.
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netwons second law
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Second Law: Force=mass x acceleration
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newtons first law
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First law of motion: an object moves at a constant velocity unless a net force acts to change its speed or direction. Objects at rest remain at rest. Objects in motion, remain in motion with no change in speed or direction.
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define net force
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combined effect of all the individual forces put together. Mass is the amount of matter in your body.
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what is weight, what does it depend on?
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Weight is the force that a scale measures when you stand of it. Weight depends on your mass and the forces acting on your mass.
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Copernican changed his orbital views to a _______ model
he was right but orbits are not _____ |
heliocentric
ORBITS ARE NOT Circular |
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Tycho’s model of the sun was
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elliptical
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define momentum
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is the product of its mass and its velocity momentum=mass X velocity
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Kepler modeled the plantets in an ________ orbit around the sun to line up with Tychos data
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elliptical
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Keplers orbital view stated that
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the sun is at one focus of the planets elliptical orbit
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to make an emission spectrum electrons jump...
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lower levels emitting energy
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According to the laws of motion, the moon orbits earth because
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the centripetal force, supplied by gravity and directed towards earth acts on it.
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The weight on he person on earth does what according to Newtons third law?
If a person weighs 500lbs, earths gravity pulls down with the same force amount. |
the person also exterts an upward force of 500 lbs.
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the absorption lines in the solar spectrum are caused by
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absorption of light by atoms in the solar atmosphere.
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A spectrum of of hot, low pressure burning gas gives off what observation?
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a series of bright lines.
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type of telescope that collects light with concave reflector and a flat mirror
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newtonian reflector
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secon most abundant element in the sun
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helium
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The sun ages, it chemical composition changes, It has a higher % of ________ and a higher percentage of ______
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helium, hydrogen
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the diamenter of the milky way in light years is
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one hundred thousand light years.
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Keplers First Law
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The orbit of each planet around the sun is an ellipse. with the sun at one focus.
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keplers second law
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As a planer moves around its orbit, it sweeps out equal area in equal times.
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keplers third law
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More distant plantes orbit the sun at slower average speeds.
p2=>a3 P2=k*aq |
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how do astronomers estimate the number of stars
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they measure the total mass of the galaxy and assume that the average star has about the same luminosity of the sun
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In a milky way, the open clusters are located in
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disk and spiral arms
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A barred spiral galaxy contains
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stars, interstellar gas, interstellar dust.
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Cepheid variable stars are helpful because they allow astronomers to measure
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distances to relatively nearvy galaxies
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the most massive galaxies are
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giant elliptical
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what galaxy has a small mass and no particular shape
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irregulars
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how far is the sun from the milky way galaxy
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30, 000 light years
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how do astronomers come to conclusion about
distance temperature mass radius luminosity |
Keplers third law can be used to find the mass of stars. they find the distance of the start to the sun on the stellar parallax.
Temperature is observed by measuring the luminosity. BLue stars are hotter, red stars are cooler, the amount of luminosity can help determine the temperature. |
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will stars in a galaxy move away from each other?
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yes, the universe expands
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hot dense energy source, goes through a prism produces a
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continuous spectrum
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low density cloud (hot thin gas) through a prism
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emission spectrum
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hot dense engery source through cooler gas through a prism
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absorbtion spectrum
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two most important feature of a stars blackbody curve
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maximum height or peak indicates energy output
wavelength peak wavelength indicates temperature |
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stars of the same absolute magnitude have the same
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luminosity
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stars of the same spectral type have the same
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temperature
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if two stars have the same surface temperature and one is more luminous what can you conclude?
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one star is bigger than the other
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if two stars are the same size, but one has a higher surface temperature, which star is more luminous?
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the one with the highest Surface temperature.
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Astronomer looks at the spectrum from the ground, and from above the earths atmosphere, how will the results differ?
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The above atmosphere telescope will be different because he will observe absorption spectrum.
The light gathered with a telescope on the ground would be missing lines because the earths atmosphere contains density clouds that can block the observations |
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HR diagram
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in the local group of galaxies the most common are
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dwarf elliptical galaxies
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Astronomers thing that the energy source fueling milky way, quasars, active galactic nuclei is
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a super massive black hole.
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quasars produce a lot of
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energy in a small amount of time
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what type of shifts do quasars have
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large red shifts
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astronomers measure quasars distance by measuring
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redshift of emission lines
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astronomers think the ______ was made the most during the big bang
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helium nucleus
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when the sun runs out of hydrogen in its core it will become.....
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a white dwarf then a red giant
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during the main sequence stage a star
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fuses hydrogen to helium in its core
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a solar mass neutron star is the size of
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sylva
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a violent explosion involving only the sufrace layers of a white dwarf star in a binary sytem is a
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nova
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An explosion in a massive star after fusion reactions have produced an iron core is a
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type two supernova
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neutron stars that are rotating very rapidly are
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Pulsars
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A star between 1.4, 2 and 3 solar masses will become a
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Neutron star
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the escape velocity in a black hole is ______ than the speed of light
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greater
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Describe some properties of black holes
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impossible to escape
they dont "suck" to escape, we would have to travel faster tahn the speed of light Its layers are the schwarzchild radius, the photonic layer, event horizion If a black hole moved towards our soular system and the sun fell in, Earths orbit would not change but there would be no light and heat on earth. |
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How do stars form
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star form from clouds of interstelluar gas and dust,
gas cloud collapses and prevents gravity from giving much pressure The cloud reserving all its energy and truns into a protostar. The protostar reserves its total angular momentum and spins really fast. Disks and jets are emitted from the protostar. astronomers believe the jets and disks are flat, becuase of this, it helps clear out unesecasrry junk in order for the star to function |
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The universe is expanding and will eventually collapse on itself and start expanding again. which cosmology is this?
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Oscillating universe
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how old is the universe according to the big bang theory?
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13.7 billion
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the universe is expanding but the average density is remaning the same because hydrogen atoms appear in the empty space to fill in gaps. which cosmology is this?
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the steady state cosmology
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properties of active galaxies
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(1) High Luminosity,
(2) Nonthermal Spectra that do not look like the sum of many stellar spectra, (3) Most of the luminosity is in a region of the spectrum other than optical (e.g., radio, UV, Infrared), (4) bright, star-like nucleus, (5) strong emission lines (most), (6) rapid variability, and sometimes (7) radio jets. The central region of an active galaxy is called an Active Galactic Nucleus (AGN). This is where the energtic activity is concentrated. The active galactic nuclei are believed to contain supermassive black holes that power the nonstellar phenomena associated with active galaxies. |
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stage of a solar mass star
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the star runs out of fuel. it has helium burning shell. the core becomes hydrogen-helium burning reaction, then the star becomes a white dwarf, then red giant.
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nova that occurs when a white dwarf is more thar 1.4 solar masses, it turns into a neutron star or a black hole if it exceeds the chandarsachar limit.
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Type 1
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nova that ocurs when a star explodes, the production of iron occurs and gets very heavy reaching the chandasakar limit
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type 2
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hubbles data concluded
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the universe is expanding
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properties of quasars
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thye take a lot of energy in a small amount of time
they are fueled by black holes measuring the, helps determine distances of other galaxies |
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galaxy types
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a planet _______ when it moves closer to sun in its orbit
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speed up
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