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36 Cards in this Set
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- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
1. Factors that influence aviation weather safety include: |
Pilot ratings and experience, aircraft design and performance specifications, and onboard equipment |
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2. What is responsible for the most weather-related accidents? |
Adverse winds |
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3. Variable Wind |
During a 2-minute evaluation period, it fluctuates by 60 degrees or more and the wind speed is more than 6kts (wind speed may be less than 6kts) |
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4. Wind Shift |
Change in wind direction of 45 degrees or more within 15 minutes and has sustained winds of 10kts or more |
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5. IFR Weather |
Below 3SM visibility, less than 1000ft ceiling |
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6. What is the single greatest cause of fatal accidents? |
Continued visual into IFR wx |
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7. Indefinite Ceiling |
Reported ceiling value represents the vertical visibility upward into a surface-based obscuration. It restricts the pilot's slant-range visibility |
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8. Fog |
Reduces horizontal visibility to less than 5/8 SM. The most common obscuration Temp- dew point spread is less than 3 fog forms |
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9. What types of precip most commonly produce IFR wx? |
Rain, drizzle, and snow |
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10. Blowing Snow |
Snow lifted from the surface of the earth by the wind to a height of 6ft or more and reduce horizontal visibility to less than 7SM |
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11. Volcanic Ash |
May not be visible, especially at night or in IFR conditions |
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12. Mountain Obscurations |
Wx phenomena causing the obscuration of mountain peaks. AIRMETs are issued |
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13. Turbulence is caused by: |
Connective currents Obstructions to wind flow Wind shear COW |
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14. Convective Turbulence |
Result from convective currents and the subsequent rising and sinking of air. Most active on warm summer afternoons when winds are light Uneven surface heating |
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15. Mechanical Turbulence |
Turbulence caused by obstructions such as trees, buildings, mountains, etc. obstructions to the wind flow disrupt the smooth flow of air |
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16. Mountain Wave |
An atmospheric wave disturbance formed when stable air flow passes over a mountain or mountain ridge. Waves remain nearly stationary while wind blows through. Severe to extreme turbulence |
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17. Wind Shear |
A change in wind speed and/of direction in a short distance resulting in a shearing effect |
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18. What are 3 conditions of wind shear? |
Low-level temp inversion Frontal zone CAT associated with the jet stream |
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19. When do temp inversions occur? |
Nighttime cooling Along frontal zones Cold air trapped in a valley |
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20. Clear Air Turbulence (CAT) |
Higher altitude occurring in cloud-free regions, associated with wind shear, in the core of a jet stream and the surrounding air. |
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21. Light Turbulence (LGT) |
Momentarily causes slight, erratic changes in altitude/attitude. Occupants feel slight strain on seat belts. No difficulty in walking |
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22. Moderate Turbulence (MOD) |
Changes in attitude/altitude occur with positive control of the aircraft at all times. Causes variations in indicated airspeed. Walking is difficult. |
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23. Severe Turbulence (SEV) |
Large, abrupt changes in attitude/altitude causing large variations in indicated airspeed. Aircraft momentarily out of control. Walking is impossible |
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24. Extreme Turbulence (EXT) |
Aircraft is practically impossible to control. May cause structural damage. |
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25. Aircraft reaction to turbulence varies with: |
Difference in wind speed in adjacent currents Aircraft size Wind loading Airspeed Aircraft altitude |
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26. What are the effects of a high density altitude? |
Reduces power and thrust A longer takeoff and landing roll are required |
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27. When does structural icing form? |
When supercooled water strikes the aircraft's airframe. |
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28. What are the 3 types of icing? |
Rime Clear Mixed |
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29. Rime ice |
Rough, milky, opaque, formed by instantaneous freezing. Most common, but least serious type. Typically controlled by deicers. Disturb the airflow, easier to remove Note: looks like the inside of a freezer |
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30. Clear Ice |
Formed by slow freezing of large droplets. Can greatly disturb the airflow. Difficult to remove |
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31. Mixed Ice |
Layers of relatively clear and opaque ice. |
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32. Trace Icing (TRACE) |
Ice becomes perceptible. Deicing not used unless encountered for over 1 hour |
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33. Light Icing (LGT) |
It doesn't present a problem if the deicing is used occasionally |
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34. Moderate Icing (MOD) |
Short encounters are potentially hazardous and deicing or diversion is necessary |
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35. Severe Icing (SEV) |
Deicing fails and immediate diversion is necessary |
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36. Why are jets less vulnerable to Icing? |
Powerful deicing equipment. Tendency to cruise at altitudes too cold for Icing |
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