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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Body Aids:
Describe, Benefits, Limitations |
-box attaches to receiver and ear mold by cord
-used with CP kids-less feedback -microphone on Box, not earpiece --cosmetically ugly, cord prone to break, hard to localize sound -+ less feedback |
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BTE Aids:
Describe, Benefits, Lmitations |
-earmold attached w/tubing to piece behind ear
-+ small, more cosmetcially appealing, good for many levels of HL, feedback not often problem, --can be hard to manipulate, bad for poor dexterity |
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ITE Aids:
Describe, Benefits, Lmitations |
-Full shell, half shell, canal, CIC (completely in canal)
-microphone in ear -+ better localization, eisier to manipulate --lots of feedback, not good for severe/profound HL, small batteries, more expensive, eaiser to break |
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Parts of a hearing aid: Microphone
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-omnidirectional: pick up sound from any angle
-directional: designed NOT to get sound from certain angle (reduce background noise) -switchable: go between omni/directional |
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Parts of a hearing aid:
Batteries |
-smaller aid, smaller battery, smaller battery life
-5 sizes, 1.3-1.5 volts -zinc air: don't activate until tab pulled off (longer shelf life) -last 3 days - 3 weeks |
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Adjusting Hearing Aids
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-older have volume controls, newer does automatically
-have many programs (music, noise, phone, etc) -telecoil: setting for picking up electromagnetic energy (induction loop system, less feedback on phone) |
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Parts of a hearing aid:
Earmold |
-all aids have them, funnel sound into ear and changes it
-hard=lucite, soft=PVC, silicone |
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Why do we use...
...venting ...damping ...horn effects in hearing aids? |
vent: pressure relief, hear some sound naturally, reduces background noise/occlucion effect
damp: smooth out 'peaks' in frequency response curge horn: shifts resonances up in frequency, more high F amp., |
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How to check if HA's are working right?
Info collected when measuring function? |
-test box: attach HA to 2cc coupler, microphone on coupler
-freq. response analyzed |
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How do HAs limit the max amount of sound delivered to the user?
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-peak clipping: filters to sqaure wave, sounds very distorted
-compression: compress signal to sine wave within a range, less distortion, more common method |
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Why do we recommend biaural hearing aids to the majority of our hearing aid users?
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-more amplified sounds (less amp needed, less feedback)
-eaiser to localize -elimiates head shadow -can be easier to hear in noise -better hearing quality -auditory deprivation- lose speech perception over time in unaided ear |
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What happens during a hearing aid orientation?
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-turn aid on, see how close we are to meeting targets
-measure sound at eardrum as loudspeaker plays sound picked up by mic -Rx program calculates real ear targets based on measurements -check again in few days/2 weeks |
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Assistive Devices:
Group Listening Devices: |
-Hard Wire:
-Induction Loop -FM System -Infrared System |
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Hard wire listening system
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-out dated
-speaker has mic, signal amp'd and given to headphones for child -hard to hear person w/o mic |
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Induction loop listening system
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-speaker had mic, wireless connection to loop amp
-current runs thru loop around room/area, leaks EM energy -telecoil setting picks up sound -system prone to interference, distrubance from computers -signal weaker farther from wire |
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FM System listening system
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-most common
-speaker wears mic and FM transmitter -HL person wears FM reciever; attach to own BTE HA -little distortion, easy to hear own voice and peers -teacher can assign different children different channels |
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Infrared group listening system
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-used in theatres/churches
-bright lights interfere w/system -mic attached to transmitter, receiver worn by HL person (universal) -nice quality sound -must align transmitter/reciever |
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Personal Listening Devices: list, describe
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-Hard wire: mic-> amp-> headphones
-FM: mic-> wireless reciever |
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TV and Radio Devices: list, describe
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-personal listening device: plug into TV, mic near TV
-inductin loop -infrared (universal attachment for TV) -telecaptioning: all tvs over 13" must decode captioning |
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Telephone assistance
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-telecoil (setting in HA)
-amplifiers attach to phone -public phone: amp, or blue grommet=EM energy -TDD/TTY, relay service -ring transducers: change F/I of ring, make light/vibrate etc -cell phone: neck loop or blue tooth reduce interferance |
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Warning Devices
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-change audio signal to visual
-alarm clock-vibrate, shake bed -fire alarm- strobe light -car- blinker buddy, siren detector -peep hole in door -full length rear view mirror -signal dogs |
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Componants of Coch. Implant
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-microphone on BTE, speech processor (body or BTE), trasmitter (outside head), reciever (under skin), electrodes in cochlea
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How a Coch. Implant works
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sound percieved and transmitted by BTE device, signals trasnmitted directly to hair cells in cochlea
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Problems with Cochlear Implant use
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-equipment malfunction--fix with surgury
-$20-40,000 -medical risk (anesthesia, infection) -temporary paralysis/facial symptoms -electrical stimulation near brain may have long-term effects -one brand higher risk of meningitis |
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Group vs Individual hearing rehab
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G- build support network, work on AV skills with sympathetic group, help each other/share info, cost effective for clinician, fun
I-better for those in denial, with cognitive impairments, or sudden severe HL |
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Why is speech-reading never 100% accurate?
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-can't see all phonemes (k, n, ng, h)
-homophonetic appearance (pbm, fv, th TH) -speech rate, too fast for eyes to follow -coarticulation -dialects/accents |
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Environmental conditions that influence lipreading
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-lighting (how much, where it falls)
-distance from speaker (want 6'-9') -angle from speaker (want 0-45) -distractions |
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Activities used for audio-visual training with adults: speechreading
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-analytic approach: focus on lip movements for individual sounds, work at syllable or word level, train to identify phonemes rapidly
-synthetic approach: focus on meaning of utterance, use context to figure out phonemes, work on sentence level -often involve both kinds of training |
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Telephone training
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-general strategies: confirmation, repeat, rephrase
-word strategies: spell it, code words (b for Boy), alphabet, keyword (spell important ones) -number strategies: digits, (24, 2-4), spell, counting |
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Other A/V training techniques
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-practice with commercial CDs or recordings in noise/low vocal level
-practice with common phrases/words with job/hobbies -start easy and get harder with practice (change body position, vocal I, choices in task) -teach conversational repair -context excersizes -metacommunication |
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Methods of Conversation repair
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-HL must realize that convo broke down
-be specific in requesting clarity (be louder, clearer, face me, slow down) -use tracking (read passage quickly, if messed up, use repair strategy to fix) |
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Describe how metacommunication to improve heaing
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-get pt. to realize own communication ability/power
-use contingent pairs: a certain response is expected after comment -choose lower-level questions for easy answers (y/n, give choices |
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Importance of a partner with hearing rehab
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-part. learns about HL experience
-helps pt. to hear sounds from familiar voice -partner can help notify of comm. breakdown -help set rules for comm. in family/house |
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What is 'stage management' and how is it used?
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-setting up a listening environment to your best advantage
-decompose problem: map out room, role play, observe pt in setting -find ways to optimize listening |
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How does pediatic rehab differ from adults?
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-may be a prelingual HL (no basis for language yet)
-HL can affect relationship with parents, educational acheivement, reading level -affects social/emo development -responsibility of school system after age 3 |
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What can we tell parents of HL kids to do to improve comm skills with child?
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-teach how HA helps, works, when/how to use it
-modify daily activities to talk all about clothes/food/sounds -praise vocalizations -get whole family involved -keep log of receptive auditory behavior |
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Oral method of communication
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-no sign; only speech reading, use residual hearing
-Alex. G Bell--really liked -less limiting socially, vocationally, etc -hearing parents want kids to be like them -not all deaf kids can succeed with this |
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Manual method of communication
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-ASL use
-Gallaudet--really liked -deaf parents raise deaf children like this -believe oral lang is psychologically harmful -many see as part of Deaf culture -wider communication base, easier to learn |
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Combines method of communication
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-Total Comm: sign, talk, lip read, MCE
-Cued Speech: clears confusion of homophoneity, may be used in school/therapy/home, not really in real world |
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Education options for deaf children
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-Residential schools: historically important to Deaf, no stigma, lots of peers, facilities accomodating, lower achievement levels
-Day school: special for deaf, deaf peers, special teachers -self-contained class: stigma, SPED teacher (not spec. deaf) -Mainstreaming: oral, interpreters, limit access to communication, no like peers |
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what do teachers need to know/work on with HL kids>
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-need specific, concrete details for specific child
-tell about express/recept lang abilities -oral? how can child learn new vocab in class? -kid must know how to work thru interpreter -how to operate HA technology -know child may need to move seat throughout day -need to face class when talking -help socialize HL kid in class -buddy system to get assignments -comm. with audiologist, SLP, etc |