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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Pharmacology
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The study of substances that interact with living systems through chemical processes, especially by binding to regulatory molecules and activating or inhibiting normal body processes.
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Medical pharmacology
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The science of substances used to prevent, diagnose, and treat disease.
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Toxicology
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The branch of pharmacology that deals with the undesirable effects of chemicals on living systems, from individual cells to humans to complex ecosystems.
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Materia medica
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The science of drug preparation and the medical use of drugs- a precurser to pharmacology.
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Francois Magendie, and later Claude Bernard
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In the late 18th and early 19th centuries they began to develop the methods of experimental physiology and pharmacology.
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Controlled Clinical Trial
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Concepts of rational therapeutics, understanding how drugs work at the organ and tissue levels.
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Drug receptor
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Drug action and the biologic substrate of that action
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Pharmocogenomics
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The relation of the individuals genetic makeup to his or her response to specific drugs. (Close to becoming a practical area of therapy.
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Two principles that the student should remember:
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1) All substances can under certain circumstances be toxic, and the chemicals in botanicals (herbs and extracts) are no different from chemicals in manufactured drugs except for the proportion of impurities.
2) All dietary supplements and all therapies promoted as health enhancing should meet the same standards of efficacy and safety as conventional drugs and medical therapies. There should be not artificial separation between scientific medicine and alternative or complementary medicine. |
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agonist
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activator
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antagonist
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inhibitor
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Receptor
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Molecule in the biologic system that plays a regulatory role.
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Chemical antagonists
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Drugs that interact directly with other drugs.
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Osmotic agents
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Drugs that interact almost exclusively with water molecules.
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Hormones
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Drugs synthesized within the body.
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Xenobiotics
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Chemicals NOT synthesized in the body.
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Poisons
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Drugs that have almost exclusively harmful effects. (The dose makes the poison= meaning that any substance can be harmful if taken in the wrong dosage)
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Toxins
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Poisons of biologic origin, ie, synthesized by plants or animals, in contrast to inorganic poisons such as lead and arsenic.
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Covalent bond
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Very strong bond and in many cases not reversible under biologic conditions.
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Electrostatic bonding
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Much more common than covalent bonding in drug-receptor interactions. Vary from relatively strong linkages between permanently charged ionic molecules to weaker hydrogen bonds and very weak induced dipole interactions.
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