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63 Cards in this Set
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UN
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United Nations; international organization aimed at keeping world peace formed after World War II
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Warsaw Pact
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Soviet created organization as a countermove to match NATO
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World Bank
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made up of two unique development institutions owned by 185 member countries—the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and the International Development Association (IDA)
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OEEC, EU
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The Organisation for European Economic Co-operation; (OEEC) came into being on 16 April 1948. It emerged from the Marshall Plan and the Conference of Sixteen (Conference for European Economic Co-operation), which sought to establish a permanent organisation to continue work on a joint recovery programme and in particular to supervise the distribution of aid, European Union is an economic and political partnership between 27 democratic European countries
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SALT agreements
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Strategic Arms Limitation Talks in the 1970s where both sides agreed to reduce their nuclear weapon stores
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superpower
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state with a leading position in the international system and the ability to influence events and project power on a worldwide scale
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Berlin Blockade
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French, American, and British occupied portion of Berlin was attempted to be controlled by the Soviet Union as they blocked its rail and road access in June 1948. The western forces responded with the Berlin airlift of supplies and embargoed products from Soviet-controlled countries
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NATO
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North Atlantic Treaty Association founded in 1949 as a regional military alliance against Soviet aggression
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MAD
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Mutually assured destruction; large stockpiling of weapons prevents actual fighting as there is a threat of complete destruction to both sides
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38th parallel
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area of partitioning of Korea after World War II. One of the first actions of the UN as they guaranteed "to provide the Republic of South Korea with all necessary aid to repel the aggressors" (aggressors being North Korea)
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Cuban missile crisis
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October 1962 Castro accepted Soviet nuclear missiles on Cuban shores. President Kennedy announced on television that there were photographs of missiles pointed right at the U.S. and that the U.S. would blockade the island until they were removed. Closest the Cold War ever came to conflict.
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Nikita Khrushchev
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Soviet Premier, withdrew missiles in return for U.S. promise not to invade Cuba
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Betty Friedan
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feminist author
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civil rights movement
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movement towards equality and civil rights primarily for African Americans and women the majority of which took place in the 1960's
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hegemony
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term used to describe the concept of dominance, usually militarily, by one country over others
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"Brezhnev doctrine"
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model of Soviet foreign policy, first and most clearly outlined by S. Kovalev in a September 26, 1968 Pravda article, entitled “Sovereignty and the International Obligations of Socialist Countries.” Policy that communist nations would protect each other against turning to capitalism
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Prague Spring
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1968, Czech government supported loosening of control. Soviet tanks were sent in and with no bloodshed the liberalization was ended
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de-Stalinization
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process began by premier Khrushchev. He ended the rule of terror and attempted to erase Stalin's name and image from Soviet society
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detente
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policy of reduction in hostilities adopted by the superpowers in the late 1960s
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settler and non-settler colonies
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terms used to describe the relationship between the colony and the mother country. Settler colonies are colonies that have created their own society, they are less controlled
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Jawaharlal Nehru
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first prime minister of independent India (1947–64), who established parliamentary government and became noted for his “neutralist” policies in foreign affairs.
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dominion-status
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an autonomous community of the British Empire and British Commonwealth prior to 1948
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nonalignment
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The political attitude of a state which does not associate or identify itself with the political ideology or objective espoused by other states, groups of states, or international causes, or with the foreign policies stemming therefrom
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Geneva convention
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1864 convention outlining part of international humanitarian law – a whole system of legal safeguards that cover the way wars may be fought and the protection of individuals
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Abdel Nasser
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Egyptian revolutionist that successfully drove British out of his country after 72 years of rule, under his presidency Egypt came out of intense poverty to prosperity, he became famous all around the Arab Peninsula after standing firm against the western nations and his efforts of combining the Arab power to combat anti-Muslim forces
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FLN
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socialist party in Algeria with the goal of liberation from French control
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Kwame Nkrumah
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influential pan-africanist who was the leader of Ghana
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Jomo Kenyatta
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first prime minister and president of Kenya
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Cultural Revolution
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youth remake of Chinese society supported by Mao
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Juan and Eva Peron
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President;First Lady of Argentina/second wife of Juan Peron/"Spiritual Leader of the Nation"
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CIA-led coup (coup d'etat)
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aka Bay of Pigs CIA backed insurgents landed on the beach and were quickly captured or killed
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Sandinistas
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Nicaraguan political party often referred to as the FLSN, focused on anti-imperialist struggle of Augusto Sandino
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NATO
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North Atlantic Treaty Association founded in 1949 as a regional military alliance against Soviet aggression
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IMF
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International Monetary Fund; international organization that oversees the global financial system by observing exchange rates and balance of payments, as well as offering financial and technical assistance
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OPEC
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Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries
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GATT
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General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
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iron curtain
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organization of soviet-controlled states to create a division of Europe both physically and ideologically
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Yalta
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major World War II conference of the three chief Allied leaders, President Franklin D. Roosevelt of the United States, Prime Minister Winston Churchill of Great Britain, and Premier Joseph Stalin of the Soviet Union (see photograph), which met at Yalta in the Crimea to plan the final defeat and occupation of Nazi Germany
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Berlin Wall
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wall dividing the eastern and western portions of Berlin controlled by the Soviet Union and the allies respectively
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Warsaw Pact
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Soviet created organization as a countermove to match NATO
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Korean War
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escalation of border clashes between North and South Korea resulting in the protected barrier of the 38th parallel
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domino theory
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theory that held if one nation fell to communism, the rest would follow
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Richard Nixon
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U.S. president who began the process of Vietnamization where the U.S. began to hand the war over the the South Vietnamese
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Simone de Beauvoir
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wrote The Second Sex, heralded a feminist revolution and remains a central text in the investigation of women's oppression and liberation
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Bob Marley
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musical artist who favored a peaceful mentality and hosted political concerts, supported the struggle of Africans
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Martin Luther King, Jr.
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pivotal member of the American Civil Rights movement, fought for equal treatment for African Americans and favored a peaceful approach of civil disobedience
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Charles de Gaulle
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French president who envisioned Europe as a third superpower and criticized NATO
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Mao Zedong
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leader of the People's Republic of China from its formation until his death, he favored Cultural Revolution and the Great Leap Forward
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Alexander Dubcek
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leader of Czechoslovakia (1968-1969), famous for his attempt to reform the Communist regime (Prague Spring)
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Marshal Tito
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President of Yugoslavia, attempted to rebuild and tie the country together after WWII
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Vietnam
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easternmost country in the Southeast Asia
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Muhammad Ali Jinnah
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leader of the Muslim League
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Gandhi
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Lived in S. Africa from 1893-1915, defended rights of Indian living under apartheid (areas that has racism), and returned to India as a central figure in freedom movement, nonviolent resistance
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Bandung Conference
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meeting dedicated to the struggle against colonialism and racism and promoting the ideal of a "third path"
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Ho Chi Minh
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prime minister of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam
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Balfour Declaration
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recognized the self-governing Dominions of the British Empire as fully autonomous states
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Suez crisis
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military attack on Egypt by Britain, France, and Israel beginning on 29 October 1956. The attack followed Egypt's decision of 26 July 1956 to nationalize the Suez Canal after the withdrawal of an offer by Britain and the United States to fund the building of the Aswan Dam
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Negritude
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literary and political movement that promoted solidarity in black identity against French colonial oppression
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"Mau Mau" revolt
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the Kikuyu movement that resented the British removal of Kikuyu farmers from their fertile farmland to their "tribal reserves" and reduced status as wage slaves; they were also called communists
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Great Leap Forward
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economic and social plan used from 1958 to 1960 which aimed to use China's vast population to rapidly transform mainland China from a primarily agrarian economy dominated by peasant farmers into a modern, industrialized communist society
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Lazaro Cardenas
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president of Mexico from 1934 to 1940
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Jacobo Arbenz Guzman
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was the president of Guatemala from 1951 to 1954, when he was ousted in a coup d'état organized by the US Central Intelligence Agency, known as Operation PBSUCCESS, and was replaced by a military junta, headed by Colonel Carlos Castillo, plunging the country into chaos and long-lasting political turbulence
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Somoza Family
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influential political dynasty in Nicaragua
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