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81 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Which is the smallest unit of life that can survive and reproduce on its own?
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a cell
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the instructions for growth and development are in
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DNA
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the ability to maintain a constant internal environment is
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homeostasis
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of the following, which is the first explanation of a problem? it is sometimes called an "educated guess."
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hypothesis
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which is the smallest portion of a substance that retains the properties of an element?
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atom
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all atoms of an element have the same number of
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protons
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a molecule is
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a combination of two or more atoms
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what is formed when an atom loses or gains an electron
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ion
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an--NH2 group is an ________ group
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amino
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A--COOH group is a_______ group
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carboxyl
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Cell membranes are characterized by the presence of
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phospholipids
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amino acids are the building blocks for
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proteins
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Amino acids are linked by hat kind of bonds to form the primary structure of a protein?
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peptide
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one portion of the cell theory states that
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all living organisms are made up of cells.
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prokaryotic cells do not have
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nucleoid regions
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these organelles are sometimes referred to as rough or smooth, depending on the structure.
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endoplasmic reticula
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which organelles contain dna?
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both nuceli and mitochondria
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which reaction is not an exergonic reaction?
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protein synthesis
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when atp releases its energy, it forms
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both ADP and Pi
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During enzyme-catalyzed reactions, substrate is a synonym for
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reactant
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reactions will reach a chemical equilibrium under which of the following conditions?
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there is enough time, the reactions are reversible, a product remains after it is formed and there is sufficient reactants.
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plants need which of the following to carry on photosynthesis? |
H20 and CO2
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Most carbon enters the web of life through
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photosynthesis
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The light-independent reactions were discovered by
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Andrew Benson and Melvin Calvin
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Which of the following can pass through stomata?
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carbon dioxide, oxygen, and water
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the ultimate source of energy for living things is
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the sun
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when molecules are broken apart in respiration
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th energy released in respiration is channeled into molecules of atp.
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Glycolysis
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results in the production of pyruvate and occurs in the cytoplasm
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the end products of glycolysis is
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pyruvate
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the Krebs cycle takes place in the
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mitochondria
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the breakdown of pyruvate in the Krebs cycle results in the release of
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energy and carbon dioxide
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under anaerobic conditions, muscle cells produce
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lactate
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proteins associate with dna in eukaryotes are
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histones
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chromosomes are duplicated during which period?
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S
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the nuclear envelope begins to break up in late
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prophase
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the chromosomes are aligned at the spindle equator during
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metaphase
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the spindle apparatus becomes visible during
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prophase
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sexual reproduction
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results in new combinations of genetic traits
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sexual reproduction
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results in new combinations of genetic traits
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if a parent cell has 16 chromosomes and undergoes meiosis, the resulting cells will have how many chromosomes
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8
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chromatids are
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attached at their centromeres
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various forms of a gene at a given locus are called
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alleles
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which of the following indicates homozygous genotypes?
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AA and aa
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According to Mendel, what kind of genes "disappear" in F1 pea plants?
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recessive
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If all offspring of a cross have the genotype Aa, the parents of the crosses would most likely be
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AA-aa
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the theory of segregation
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explains the behavior of a pair of alleles during meiosis
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genes are
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located on chromosomes, inherited in the same way as chromosomes, arranged in linear sequence on chromosomes , assorted independently during meiosis
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which of the following designates a normal human female?
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XX
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which of the following designates a normal human male?
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XY
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All of the genes located on a given chromosome comprise a
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linkage group
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If two genes are on the same chromosome
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they are in the same linkage group
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Bacteriophages are
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viruses
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James Watson and Francis Crick
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established the double-stranded nature of DNA
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The DNA molecule could be compared to a
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ladder
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the best adjective to describe dna replication is
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semiconservative
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the dna molecule is usually made up of how many strands?
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2
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the rna molecule is usually made-up of how many strands?
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1
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the nitrogenous base found in rna but not in dna is
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uracil
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the synthesis of an rna molecule from a dna template strand is
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transcription
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a repressor protein binds
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the operator
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the region to which rna polymerase binds is called the
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promoter sequence
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a regulator gene produces which of he following
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repressor protein
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small circular molecules of dna in bacteria are called
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plasmids
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enzymes used to cut dna molecules in recombinant dna research are
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restriction enzymes
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restriction enzymes
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often produce staggered cuts in dna that are useful in splicing genes.
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fossils found in the lowest geological strata are generally the most
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primitive
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the place Darwin visited on his trip around the world that had the greatest impact on his thinking was
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the Galapagos island
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according to Darwin, natural selection is based on the ______ found in populations
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variations
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which of the following evolve?
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populations
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new alleles arise by
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mutation
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the fossil record is incomplete because
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very few organisms were preserved as fossils, organisms tend to decay before becoming a fossils, animals with hard parts are preserved more easily, geological processes may destroy fossils.
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fossils would include
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skeletons, shells, seeds and tracks
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which of the following organisms would you expect o find preserved as a fossil?
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a shelled arthropod such as a trilobite
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in thee biological species concept of Ernst mayr, what aspect of a population is critical to determining a species?
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interbreeding capabilities
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members of the same species would be expected to
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share the same gene pool.
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a species is composed of
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populations that have the potential to interbreed and produce fertile offspring
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the primitive earths atmosphere did not contain
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free oxygen
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it is doubtful that many of the organic compounds essential for life, such as amino acids and nucleotides, would be able to assemble spontaneously in the presence of
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free oxygen
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paramecium is a representative of the
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ciliates
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structurally, the most complex unicellular organisms are
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ciliates
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