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104 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Question
|
Answer
|
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A polymer made from monomers
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Macromolecule
|
|
Define Monosaccharide:
|
Basic molecular unit (monomer) of which other carbohydrates are composed. They include the reducing sugars glucose and fructose.
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|
fermentation
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a catabolic process that makes a limited amount of ATP from glucose without an electron transport chan and that produces a characteristic end product, such as ethyl alcohol or lactic acid
|
|
cellular respiration
|
the most prevalent and efficient catabolic pahtway for the production of ATP, in which oxygen is consumed as a reactant along with the organic fuel
|
|
"Little Organs" in the cell
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Organelles
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|
green organelle that assists in photosynthesis
|
chloroplasts
|
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A student is collecting the gas given off from a plant in bright sunlight. What is the gas being collected?
|
oxygen
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An example is glucose
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Carbohydrate
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found in cytoplasm and on endoplasmic reticulum - Proteins of small stuctures
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ribosomes
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|
An example is DNA
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Nucleic acid
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|
gives plants support and protects its cells
|
cell wall
|
|
Glucose formula:
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C>6H>12O>6
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|
Can NADH cross inner membrane?
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no
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electron transport chain
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a sequence of electron carrier molecules (membrane proteins) that suttle electrons during the redox reactinos that release energy used to make ATP
|
|
folded layers of a membrane that acts as a tranportation system - moves material from one part of cell to another
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endoplasmic reticulum
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|
Disaccharides form when:
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2 monos are joined together.
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|
glycolysis
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the splitting of glucose into pyruvate; the one metabolic pathway that occurs in all living cells, serving as the starting point for fermentation or aerobic respiration
|
|
Ecosystem
|
Contains biotic and abiotic factors in an area.
|
|
garbage disposal system for cells
|
lysosomes
|
|
If carbon dioxide is completely removed from a plant’s environment, what would you expect to happen to the plant’s production of high-energy sugars?
|
No sugars will be produced
|
|
acetyl CoA (acetyl conenzyme A)
|
the entry compound for the Drebs cycle in cellular respiration; formed from a fragment of pyruvate attached to a coenzyme
|
|
An example is starch
|
Carbohydrate / Macromolecule
|
|
ATP synthase
|
a cluster of several membrane proteins found in the mitochondrial crista (and bacterial plasma membrane) that function in chemosmosis with adjacent electron transport chans, using the energy of a hydrogen ion concentration gradient to make ATP; provide a port through which hydrogen ions diffuse into the matrix of a mitrochondrion
|
|
Chloroplast
|
The organelle of photosynthesis
|
|
chemiosmosis
|
An energy-coupling mechanism that uses energy stored in the form of a hydrogen ion gradient across a membrane to drive cellular work, such as the synthesis of ATP. Most ATP synthesis in cells occurs by chemiosmosis
|
|
Every living thing that resides in an area
|
Community
|
|
How do we measure the state of cytochromes if it's oxidized or reduced?
|
by spectrophotometry, they have strong absorption of visible light because of iron
|
|
How does cellular respiration release energy?
|
by breaking down food molecules.
|
|
alcohol ferementation
|
the conversion of pyruvate to carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol
|
|
Every area on Earth where life exists
|
Biosphere
|
|
Electrons are found in the ______ of an atom
|
Energy levels
|
|
Glycogen
|
"FOrmed by the condensation of many glucose molecules.
|
|
Found in large amounts in the liver and muscles."
|
|
|
aerobic
|
Containing oxygen; referring to an organism, enviornment, or cellular process that requires oxygen
|
|
anaerobic
|
Lacking oxygen; referring to an organism, enviornment, or cellular process that lacks oxygen and may be poisoned by it.
|
|
Cellulose:
|
Made of different type of glucose called beta-glucose (like b radiation, as opposed to a (fish) glucose) - right side H and OH stick is inverted.
|
|
end products of fermentation include
|
ATP C02 ethyl alchohol
|
|
Cellulose - function and why
|
Structural molecule: Instead of curling like other polys, forms long straight chains. OH groups can then form h bonds with other chains. Chains join together to give microfibrils - these are strong and used to form cell walls of plant cells.
|
|
How substances naturally move in a cell
|
Diffusion
|
|
DNA is the recipe for a ______.
|
Protein
|
|
Gene
|
A segment of DNA that codes for a polypeptide
|
|
How are cellular respiration and photosynthesis almost opposite processes?
|
Photosynthesis removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, and cellular respiration puts it back.
|
|
How many stages does photosynthesis have? and what are they?
|
2 stages: light dependent, and light independent
|
|
How plants make glucose and oxygen
|
Photosynthesis
|
|
How organisms get energy from glucose
|
Cellular respiration
|
|
Describe the ETC
|
when 2 electrons go from protein to protein, they loose energy and protein uses energy to push hydrogen through to the other side (into cytoplasm of cell and out of mitochondria). Then 34 ADP go through the synthase and create 34 ATP.
|
|
How many ATPs does FADH and NADH make?
|
FADH makes 2 ATP, while NADH makes 3 ATP.
|
|
Describe the structure of a chloroplast.
|
A chloroplast is a very simple structure. It is made of many thylakoids, which are in stacks, called grana. The thylakoids also have chlorohyll on them, which is what makes them green. The open space of a chloroplast is called the stroma.
|
|
Glycogen
|
"formed from the condensation of many glucose molecules.
|
|
More branches than amylopectin - animals more likely to need large amounts of glucose faster."
|
|
|
Glycogen - what?
|
storage carb of animal cells. Large amounts in liver and muscles - lots of metabolic processes (chemical reactions) in liver means needs a lot of energy.
|
|
Function of polysacchs:
|
cellulose STRUCTURAL, others storage.
|
|
Question
|
Question
|
|
A polymer made from monomers
|
Macromolecule
|
|
Define Monosaccharide:
|
Basic molecular unit (monomer) of which other carbohydrates are composed. They include the reducing sugars glucose and fructose.
|
|
fermentation
|
a catabolic process that makes a limited amount of ATP from glucose without an electron transport chan and that produces a characteristic end product, such as ethyl alcohol or lactic acid
|
|
cellular respiration
|
the most prevalent and efficient catabolic pahtway for the production of ATP, in which oxygen is consumed as a reactant along with the organic fuel
|
|
"Little Organs" in the cell
|
Organelles
|
|
green organelle that assists in photosynthesis
|
chloroplasts
|
|
A student is collecting the gas given off from a plant in bright sunlight. What is the gas being collected?
|
oxygen
|
|
An example is glucose
|
Carbohydrate
|
|
found in cytoplasm and on endoplasmic reticulum - Proteins of small stuctures
|
ribosomes
|
|
An example is DNA
|
Nucleic acid
|
|
gives plants support and protects its cells
|
cell wall
|
|
Glucose formula:
|
C>6H>12O>6
|
|
Can NADH cross inner membrane?
|
no
|
|
electron transport chain
|
a sequence of electron carrier molecules (membrane proteins) that suttle electrons during the redox reactinos that release energy used to make ATP
|
|
folded layers of a membrane that acts as a tranportation system - moves material from one part of cell to another
|
endoplasmic reticulum
|
|
Disaccharides form when:
|
2 monos are joined together.
|
|
glycolysis
|
the splitting of glucose into pyruvate; the one metabolic pathway that occurs in all living cells, serving as the starting point for fermentation or aerobic respiration
|
|
Ecosystem
|
Contains biotic and abiotic factors in an area.
|
|
garbage disposal system for cells
|
lysosomes
|
|
If carbon dioxide is completely removed from a plant’s environment, what would you expect to happen to the plant’s production of high-energy sugars?
|
No sugars will be produced
|
|
acetyl CoA (acetyl conenzyme A)
|
the entry compound for the Drebs cycle in cellular respiration; formed from a fragment of pyruvate attached to a coenzyme
|
|
An example is starch
|
Carbohydrate / Macromolecule
|
|
ATP synthase
|
a cluster of several membrane proteins found in the mitochondrial crista (and bacterial plasma membrane) that function in chemosmosis with adjacent electron transport chans, using the energy of a hydrogen ion concentration gradient to make ATP; provide a port through which hydrogen ions diffuse into the matrix of a mitrochondrion
|
|
Chloroplast
|
The organelle of photosynthesis
|
|
chemiosmosis
|
An energy-coupling mechanism that uses energy stored in the form of a hydrogen ion gradient across a membrane to drive cellular work, such as the synthesis of ATP. Most ATP synthesis in cells occurs by chemiosmosis
|
|
Every living thing that resides in an area
|
Community
|
|
How do we measure the state of cytochromes if it's oxidized or reduced?
|
by spectrophotometry, they have strong absorption of visible light because of iron
|
|
How does cellular respiration release energy?
|
by breaking down food molecules.
|
|
alcohol ferementation
|
the conversion of pyruvate to carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol
|
|
Every area on Earth where life exists
|
Biosphere
|
|
Electrons are found in the ______ of an atom
|
Energy levels
|
|
Glycogen
|
"FOrmed by the condensation of many glucose molecules.
|
|
aerobic
|
Containing oxygen; referring to an organism, enviornment, or cellular process that requires oxygen
|
|
anaerobic
|
Lacking oxygen; referring to an organism, enviornment, or cellular process that lacks oxygen and may be poisoned by it.
|
|
Cellulose:
|
Made of different type of glucose called beta-glucose (like b radiation, as opposed to a (fish) glucose) - right side H and OH stick is inverted.
|
|
end products of fermentation include
|
ATP C02 ethyl alchohol
|
|
Cellulose - function and why
|
Structural molecule: Instead of curling like other polys, forms long straight chains. OH groups can then form h bonds with other chains. Chains join together to give microfibrils - these are strong and used to form cell walls of plant cells.
|
|
How substances naturally move in a cell
|
Diffusion
|
|
DNA is the recipe for a ______.
|
Protein
|
|
Gene
|
A segment of DNA that codes for a polypeptide
|
|
How are cellular respiration and photosynthesis almost opposite processes?
|
Photosynthesis removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, and cellular respiration puts it back.
|
|
How many stages does photosynthesis have? and what are they?
|
2 stages: light dependent, and light independent
|
|
How plants make glucose and oxygen
|
Photosynthesis
|
|
How organisms get energy from glucose
|
Cellular respiration
|
|
Describe the ETC
|
when 2 electrons go from protein to protein, they loose energy and protein uses energy to push hydrogen through to the other side (into cytoplasm of cell and out of mitochondria). Then 34 ADP go through the synthase and create 34 ATP.
|
|
How many ATPs does FADH and NADH make?
|
FADH makes 2 ATP, while NADH makes 3 ATP.
|
|
Describe the structure of a chloroplast.
|
A chloroplast is a very simple structure. It is made of many thylakoids, which are in stacks, called grana. The thylakoids also have chlorohyll on them, which is what makes them green. The open space of a chloroplast is called the stroma.
|
|
Glycogen
|
"formed from the condensation of many glucose molecules.
|
|
Glycogen - what?
|
storage carb of animal cells. Large amounts in liver and muscles - lots of metabolic processes (chemical reactions) in liver means needs a lot of energy.
|
|
Function of polysacchs:
|
cellulose STRUCTURAL, others storage.
|