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88 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
adrenal cortex
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Outer section (cortex) of each adrenal gland; secretes cortisol, aldosterone, and sex hormones
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adrenal medulla
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inner section (medulla) of each adrenal gland; secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
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ovaries
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located in the lower abdomen of a female; responsible for egg production and estrogen and progesterone secretion
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pancreas
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located behind the stomach. Islet (alpha and beta) cells (islets of langerhans) secrete hormones from the pancreas. The pancreas also contains cells that are exocrine in function. They secrete enzymes, via a duct into the small intestine to aid digestion.
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parathyroid glands
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four small glands on the posterior of the thyroid gland. Some patients may have 3 or 5 parathyroid glands
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pituitary gland (hypophysis)
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located at the base of the brain int he sella turcica; composed of an anterior lobe (adenohypophysis) and a posterior lobe (neurohypophysis). It weighs only 1/16th of an ounce and is half an inch across.
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testes
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two glands enclosed in the scrotal sac of a male; responsible for sperm production and testosterone secretion
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thyroid gland
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located in the neck on either side of the trachea; secretes thyroxine.
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adrenaline (epinephrine)
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secreted by the adrenal medulla; increases heart rate and blood pressure
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adrenocorticotopic hormone (ACTH)
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secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis); also called adrenocorticotropin. ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex.
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aldosterone
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Secreted by the adrenal cortex; increases salt (sodium) reabsorption
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androgen
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Male hormone secreted by the testes and to a lesser extent by the adrenal cortex; testosterone is an example
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antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
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Secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland (neurohypophysis). ADH (vasopressin) increases reabsorption of water by the kidney.
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calcitonin
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secreted by the thyroid glad; decreases blood calcium levels
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cortisol
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secreted by the adrenal cortex; increases blood sugar. It is secreted in times of stress and has an anti-inflammatory effect.
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epinephrine (adrenaline)
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secreted by the adrenal medulla; increases heart rate and blood pressure and dilates airways (sympathomimetic). it is partof the body's "fight or flight" reaction.
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estradiol
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estrogen (female hormone) secreted by the ovaries
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estrogen
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female hormone secreted by the ovaries and to a lesser extent by the adrenal cortex. Example sare estradiol and estrone.
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follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
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secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis). FSH stiumulates hormone secretion and egg production by the avaries and sperm production by the testes.
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glucagon
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secreted by alpha islet cells of the pancreas; increases blood sugar by conversion of glycogen (starch) to glucose
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growth hormone (GH): somatotropin
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secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis); stimulates growth of bones and soft tissues
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insulin
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secreted by beta islet cells (latin insula means island) of the pancreas, insulin lowers blood sugar by transport and conversion of glucose to glycogen (starch)
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luteinizing hormone (LH)
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secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis); stimulates ovulation in females and testosterone secretion in males
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norepinephrine
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secreted by adrenal medulla; increases heart rate and blood pressure (sympathomimetic). Nor- in chemistry means a parent compound form which another is derived
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oxytocin (OT)
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Secreted byt he posterior lobe of the pituitary gland (neurohypophysis); stimulates contractino of the uterus during labor and childbirth
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parathormone (PTH)
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secreted by the parathyroid glands; increases blood calcium
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progesterone
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secreted by the ovaries; prepares the uterus for preganancy
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prolactin (PRL)
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secreted byt he anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis); promotes milk secretion
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somatotropin (STH)
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secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis); growth hormone
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testosterone
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male hormone secreted by the testes
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thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH); thyrotropin
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secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis). TSH acts on the thyroid gland to promote its functioning. Note: TSH is not secreted by the thyroid gland
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thyroxine (T4)
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secreted by the thyroid gland; also called tetraiodothyronine, T4 increases metabolism in cells.
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triiodothyronine (T3)
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secreted by the thyroid gland; T3 increases metabolism in cells
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vasopressin
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secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland (neurohypophysis); antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
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catecholamines
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hormones derived from an amino acid and secreted by the adrenal medulla. Epinephrine is a catecholamine
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corticosteroids
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hormones (steroid) produced by the adrenal cortex. Examples are cortisol (raises sugar levels), aldosterone (raises salt reabsorption by kidneys), and adrogens and estrogens (sex hormones)
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electrolyte
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mineral salt found in the blood and tissues and necessary for proper functioning of cells; potassium, sodium, and calcium are electrolytes
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glucocorticoid
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steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex; regulates glucose, fat, and protein metabolism. Cortisol raises blood sugar and is part of the stress response.
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homeostasis
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tendency of an organism to maintain a constant internal environment
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hormone
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substance, secreted by an endocrine glad, that travels through the blood to a distant organ or gland where it influences the structure or function of that organ or gland
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hypothalamus
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region of the brian lying below the thalamus and above the pituitary gland. It secretes releasing factors and hormones that affect the pituitary gland.
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mineralocorticoid
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Steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex to regulate mineral salts (electrolytes) and water balance in the body. Aldosterone is an example.
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receptor
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cellular or nuclear protein that binds to a hormone so that a response can be elicited.
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sella turcica
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cavity in the skull that cointains the pituitary gland
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sex hormones
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steroids (androgens and estrogens) produced by the adrenal cortex to influence male and female sex characteristics
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steroid
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complex substance related to fats (derived from a sterol, such as cholesterol) and of which many hormones are made. Examples of steroids are estrogens, androgens, glucocorticoids, and mineralocorticoids. Ster/o means soild; -ol means oil.
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sympatheomimetic
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pertaining to mimicking or copying the effect of the sympathetic nervous system. Adrenaline is a sympathomimetic hormone (it raises blood pressure and heart rate and dilates airways).
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target tissue
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cells of an organ that are affected or stimulated by specific hormones
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aden/o
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gland - adenectomy
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adren/o
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adrenal glands - andropathy
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adrenal/o
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adrenal glands - adrenalectomy
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gonad/o
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sex glands (ovaries and testes) - gondaotropin
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pancreat/o
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pancreas - pancreatectomy
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parathyroid/o
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parathyroid gland - parathyroidectomy
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pituitar/o
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pituitary gland, hypohysis - hyopituitarism
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thyr/o
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thyroid gland - throtropin hormone
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thyroid/o
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thryoid gland - thyroiditis
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andr/o
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male - androgen
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calc/o, calci/o
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calcium - hypercalcemia
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cortic/o
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cortex, outer region - corticosteroid
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crin/o
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secrete - endocrinologist
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dips/o
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third - polydipsia
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estr/o
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female - estrogenic
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gluc/o
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sugar - hyperglycemia
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home/o
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sameness - homestasis
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hormon/o
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hormone - hormonal
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kal/i
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potassium (an electrolyte) - hypokalemia
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lact/o
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milk - prolactin
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myx/o
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mucus - myxedema
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natr/o
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sodium (an electrolyte) - hyponatremia
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phys/o
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growing - hypophysectomy
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somat/o
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body - somatotropin
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ster/o
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solid structure - steroid
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toc/o
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childbirth - oxytocin
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toxic/o
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position - thyrotoxicosis
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ur/o
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urine - antidiuretic hormone
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-agon
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assemble, gather together - glucagon
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-emia
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blood condition - hypoglycemia
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-in, -ine
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a substance - epinephrine
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-tropin
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stimulating the function of (to turn or act on) - adrenocorticotropin
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-uria
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urine condition - glycosuria
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eu-
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good, normal - euthyroid
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hyper-
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excessive, above - hyperkalemia
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hypo-
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deficient; below; under; less than normal - hypoinsulinism
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oxy-
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rapid, sharp, acid - oxytocin
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pan-
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all - panhypopituitarism
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tetra-
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four - tetraiodothyronine
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tri-
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three - triiodothyronine
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