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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
A condensation reaction is a reaction that involves the joining together of two or more small molecules to form a large one. This is known as what kind of reaction?
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Anabolic
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The addition of two hydrogens and two electrons to NAD+ is an example of what type of chemical reaction?
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reduction
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Chemical reactions that involve the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids that produce water as a byproduct are called ________ reactions.
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condensation
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Chemical reactions that involve the breaking of a phosphate bond are called ________ reactions.
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dephosphorylation
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In a reduction reaction, which of the following is most likely added to the reactants?
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electrons
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What type of reaction occurs when a saturated fatty acid becomes unsaturated?
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oxidation
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The kinetic energy of a molecule can be increased by ________.
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increasing its temperature
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The energy that is stored within an object for later use is referred to as ________.
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potential energy
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As the ________ energy of a molecule increases with temperature, the molecule will ________ more frequently with other reactants, thereby increasing reaction rate
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kinetic : collide
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As the energy required to overcome the activation energy barrier increases, the reaction rate will ________.
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decrease
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The measure of how many product molecules can be produced by an enzyme per unit of time is referred to as that enzyme's ________.
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catalytic rate
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Which of the following would decrease the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction?
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increasing the concentration of the product
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Which of the following statements best describes allosteric regulation?
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A modulator molecule loosely binds to a protein, altering its activity.
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Enzymes increase the activation energy of a reaction.
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FALSE
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Binding of a modulator to a regulatory site alters the structure of the enzyme in a way that can affect catalytic rate and/or affinity.
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TRUE
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Addition of a phosphate group to an enzyme to change its activity is an example of covalent regulation.
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TRUE
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All of the energy released by the oxidation of glucose is converted and stored in the form of ATP.
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FALSE
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Where does glycolysis occur?
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cytosol
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In terms of energy production, the Krebs cycle is significant because it ________.
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reduces the coenzymes NAD and FAD for oxidative phosphorylation
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Hydrogen ions activate the enzyme ATP synthase by moving from ________.
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intermembrane space to mitochondrial matrix
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Each time an electron is passed between the molecules of the electron transport chain, ________.
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energy is released
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Under anaerobic conditions, which of the following is a final product of glucose catabolism?
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lactic acid
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Which of the following processes describes the catabolism of glycogen?
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glycogenolysis
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Fatty acids are catabolized to acetyl CoA by ____________.
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beta oxidation
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The conversion of triglycerides to glycerol and fatty acids is called ________.
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lipolysis
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Before converting amino acids into intermediates for energy metabolism, they must first undergo ________.
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deamination
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Any nutrient that is not synthesized by the body and must, therefore, be acquired through the diet is a(n) ________ nutrient.
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essential
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The amine group removed from an amino acid must be converted to ________ before being eliminated from the human body.
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urea
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A substantial amount of ATP is generated from the metabolism of long carbon chains called ________.
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fatty acid
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