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102 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Hyperthermophiles |
Like extreme heat |
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Thermophiles |
Surviving temperatures hotter than normal |
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Mesophiles |
Humans Not too hot not too cold |
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Psychrotrophs |
Survive cold for a refrigerator slows down the spoilage rate |
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Psychrophiles |
Grow well there is 0°C extreme cold |
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Acidophiles |
Love acid |
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Obligate halophiles |
Must have by salt example Dead Sea |
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Faculatative halophiles |
Does not require high so that can survive and salt example can be a pathogen in your skin with too much salt |
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Superoxide dismutase |
Enzyme used to catalyze super oxide radicals O2+O2+2H+>H2O2+O2 |
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Catalase |
Hope still with the production of peroxide Enzyme to catalyze enzymes 2H2O2>2H2O+O2 |
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Catalase |
Hope still with the production of peroxide Enzyme to catalyze enzymes 2H2O2>2H2O+O2 |
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Culture media |
Allows us to grow organisms in the laboratory under control define conditions |
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Ultra media can be defined or complex |
Defined-specific things the organism needs to grow expensive Complex-has multiple things any organism could want cheap |
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Ultra media can be defined or complex |
Defined-specific things the organism needs to grow expensive Complex-has multiple things any organism could want cheap |
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Inoculation |
Introducing bacteria onto media |
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Ultra media can be defined or complex |
Defined-specific things the organism needs to grow expensive Complex-has multiple things any organism could want cheap |
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Inoculation |
Introducing bacteria onto media |
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Inoculum |
Bacteria used for inoculation |
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Culture |
Grow bacteria? |
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Broth |
Same thing as agar just lacks the solidifying agent |
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Agar |
Solid media that uses a complex Polysaccharide derive from marine algae due to bacteria cannot be graded and liquefies at 100 but doesn’t solidify until 40 however one solid can’t liquefy Ginto hundred |
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Reduced media |
Contains no oxygen Thiogylcolate or oxyrase(stronger than other) |
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Incubator |
Can hold many important factors for microbial growth such as temperature carbon dioxide hydrogen and moisture |
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Anaerobic jar |
Used to add CO2 as well as remove oxygen it’s a small vessel |
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Pure culture |
When you work with a mixture of microbes we try to study one bacteria at a time and then isolate it |
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Pure culture |
When you work with a mixture of microbes we try to study one bacteria at a time and then isolate it |
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Differential media |
Blood agar distinguishing organism a from organism be it’ll show a difference |
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Selective media |
Encourages one organism to grow over everything else. Represses other things and select one to grow by giving the one they want to grow factors that help |
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Enrichment media |
Enriches environment to help target grow our suppressing others |
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Generation time |
The time required for one sold be divided and become too can range from 60 minutes to hundreds of hours Mycobacterium can take several months |
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Log phase |
Looks like nothing is happening but so I was making enzymes and reading the environment trying to figure out what it needs to do |
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Log phase |
Looks like nothing is happening but so I was making enzymes and reading the environment trying to figure out what it needs to do |
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Log phase |
Girls most rapidly at this point continues until nutrients has gone building up of toxins |
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Log phase |
Looks like nothing is happening but so I was making enzymes and reading the environment trying to figure out what it needs to do |
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Log phase |
Girls most rapidly at this point continues until nutrients has gone building up of toxins |
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Stationary phase |
So still dividing because they’re still nutrients and they’re still talk sense but divisions are equaling deaths |
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Log phase |
Looks like nothing is happening but so I was making enzymes and reading the environment trying to figure out what it needs to do |
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Log phase |
Girls most rapidly at this point continues until nutrients has gone building up of toxins |
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Stationary phase |
So still dividing because they’re still nutrients and they’re still talk sense but divisions are equaling deaths |
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Death phase |
Collapse. More deaths because toxins are too high |
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Pour plating |
Apple combined with molten Agard and poured onto a plate, downside it’s extremely hot so organism would have to be able to survive that |
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Pour plating |
Apple combined with molten Agard and poured onto a plate, downside it’s extremely hot so organism would have to be able to survive that |
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Spread plate |
Inocolum put on a plate and spread but if organism has a capsule it will stick to the spread so you will get a low count |
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Genetics |
The study of how hereditary material is transferred (DNA and RNA) |
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Genetics |
The study of how hereditary material is transferred (DNA and RNA) |
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Genome |
All genetic material in a cell |
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Semi conservative replication |
DNA replication semi conservative because half strand new, half old |
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Ribosome binding site |
Shine-dalgarno site Complementary to conserve sequence of mRNA located in front of the gene |
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Semi conservative replication |
DNA replication semi conservative because half strand new, half old |
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Ribosome binding site |
Shine-dalgarno site Complementary to conserve sequence of mRNA located in front of the gene |
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Codon |
Sequence of three nucleic acid‘s that form a genetic codd |
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Charged tRNA |
When a specific amino acid is bound to the region |
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Peptidyl transferase |
Charolais is the formation of a peptide bond between amino acids |
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Missense mutation |
Occurs when one nucleotide changes and comes out with a different |
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Missense mutation |
Occurs when one nucleotide changes and comes out with a different |
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Nonsense mutation |
Occurs when a base change results in a nonsense codon prematurely stopping protein synthesis |
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Missense mutation |
Occurs when one nucleotide changes and comes out with a different |
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Nonsense mutation |
Occurs when a base change results in a nonsense codon prematurely stopping protein synthesis |
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Frameshift mutation |
When one nucleotide is either added or subtracted from a gene |
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Phenotype |
Physical characteristics |
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Phenotype |
Physical characteristics |
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Genotype |
Genetic makeup of an organism |
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Mutation |
Change in genetic make up of an organism |
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Vertical gene transfer |
Passed from parent to offspring |
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Vertical gene transfer |
Passed from parent to offspring |
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Horizontal gene transfer |
Bacteria reproduce, they can swap the genetic material horizontally (direct) |
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Plasmid |
Small self replicating circular places of extra chromosomal DNA |
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Snap freezing |
Uses cryoprotectant Prevents big ice crystals allows them to be small and uniform so bacteria doesn’t get destroyed one froze uses liquid nitrogen can be stored for several years |
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Snap freezing |
Uses cryoprotectant Prevents big ice crystals allows them to be small and uniform so bacteria doesn’t get destroyed one froze uses liquid nitrogen can be stored for several years |
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Lyophilization |
Freeze drying after snap frozen with cryoprotectant Uses vacuum to remove all water can be stored like this for centuries at room temperature |
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Snap freezing |
Uses cryoprotectant Prevents big ice crystals allows them to be small and uniform so bacteria doesn’t get destroyed one froze uses liquid nitrogen can be stored for several years |
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Lyophilization |
Freeze drying after snap frozen with cryoprotectant Uses vacuum to remove all water can be stored like this for centuries at room temperature |
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EPS |
Extracellular polymeric substance In biofilm |
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Biofilm |
Bad but protect it with EPS Complex microbial communities |
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Obligate intracellular parasite |
Absolutely requires a living host in order to multiply (virus) |
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Obligate intracellular parasite |
Absolutely requires a living host in order to multiply (virus) |
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Capsid |
Protein coat that surrounds the nucleic acid |
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Viral envelope |
Surrounds the outside of the virus outside of the capsid creates an envelope from host membrane to make it safe and make self think it’s not bad |
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Viral envelope |
Surrounds the outside of the virus outside of the capsid creates an envelope from host membrane to make it safe and make self think it’s not bad |
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Bacteriophage |
Virus bacteria? |
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Viral envelope |
Surrounds the outside of the virus outside of the capsid creates an envelope from host membrane to make it safe and make self think it’s not bad |
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Bacteriophage |
Virus bacteria? |
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Spike protein |
Wags that kind of stick off virus |
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Host range |
Who the virus can infect |
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Tissue tropism |
Even within a susceptible host not all cells are going to be infected by the virus for example if you get a cold it’s only in your sinus because those cells are susceptible because only Certain tissues can get infected |
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Tissue tropism |
Even within a susceptible host not all cells are going to be infected by the virus for example if you get a cold it’s only in your sinus because those cells are susceptible because only Certain tissues can get infected |
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Plaque |
Mixing bacterial phages with bacteria and the clear dots are the plaque also the virus |
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Lytic |
1. Attachment 2. Penetration 3. Biosyn 4. Maturation 5. Release ENDS IN CELL DEATH |
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Lytic |
1. Attachment 2. Penetration 3. Biosyn 4. Maturation 5. Release ENDS IN CELL DEATH |
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Lysogenic cycle |
Host cell remains alive if the virus incorporates itself in the DNA of Housell |
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Bacteriophage therapy |
Using phages to kill bacteria infected tissue causes problem because in 7 to 10 days immune system response sees as foreign |
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Restriction enzyme |
Cuts DNA in same place each time |
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Cytopathic effects |
Based on what viruses do to cells to make them look like they can look at chart and see what it is |
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Cytopathic effects |
Based on what viruses do to cells to make them look like they can look at chart and see what it is |
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Cancer |
Unregulated Cell division |
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Cytopathic effects |
Based on what viruses do to cells to make them look like they can look at chart and see what it is |
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Cancer |
Unregulated Cell division |
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Oncogene |
Genes who’s Product involved transforming of the cells in culture introducing tumor in animal. Also regulating cellular replication |
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Acute infection |
Simplest and most common virus enters the house and it begins to replicate in the immune system can clear the virus |
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Latent viral infection |
Remains in house still for long periods without producing infection |
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Latent viral infection |
Remains in house still for long periods without producing infection |
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Persistent viral infection |
Disease processes that occur over a long period of time and are generally fatal |