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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What two things to tyrosine kinases control?
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They control cell metabolism and proliferation
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What do intracellular receptor proteins control?
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They control gene expression
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What do TNF receptors activate?
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They activate protein complexes that control cell death and survival.
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What is cell death known as?
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Apoptosis
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What is Gleevec?
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It is an enzyme inhibitor of the signalling protein Bcr-Abl kinase
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What is Gleevec used to treat?
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It is used to treat chronic myelogenous leukemia.
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What is the first distinguishing characteristic of receptor protein tyrosine kinases?
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They transmit extracellular signals by ligand-activation of an intrinsic tyrosine kinase function encoded in the cytoplasmis tail of the receptor.
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What is the second distinguishing characteristic of receptor protein tyrosine kinases?
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Activation of the tyrosinekinase activity requires receptor dimerization which is often stimulated, or stabilized, by ligand binding
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What is the third distinguishing characteristic of receptor protein tyrosine kinases?
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Autophosphorylation of tyrosine residues within the receptor creates phosphotyrosine docking sites for signalling proteins that establish a relay signal between the receptor and a downstram phosphorylation cascade
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What is a transcription factor?
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It is a protein that binds DNA and regulates gene expression.
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In cells that express the appropriate receptor proteins on the surface, what does insulin stimulate?
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It stimulates uptake of glucose.
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What primary biochemical mechanisms mediate short term and long term signalling responses?
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The two are phosphorylation cascades and regulated gene expression, respectively.
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Why are defects in signal transduction a common cause of metabolic diseases?
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This is the caswe because cell signalling pathways are interdependent and disruption of one component can alter many pathways.
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