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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the functions of proteins?
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1- Catalytic Functions.
2- Transport Functions. 3- Contractile Functions. 4- Protective Functions. 5- Regulatory Functions. |
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Histones' special functions are
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They are closely associated with DNA, they control & regulate gene transcription & translation.
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Define axial ration
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Length / Width
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Fibrous proteins are water .....
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insoluble
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The axial ration of fibrous proteins is:
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>=10
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The axial ration of globular proteins is:
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<=4
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How are the proteins chemically classified?:
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1- Simple proteins.
2- Conjugated proteins. 3- Derived proteins. |
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Protamis are ..... proteins
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simple proteins
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Prolamins are ...... proteins
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simple proteins
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Name 2 prolamin proteins
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Zein of corn
Gliadin of wheat |
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...... are simple structural proteins
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Scleroproteins
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Name 2 simple proteins which are soluble in water:
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1- Albumin.
2- Protamins. |
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Name 2 simple proteins which denature with heat:
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1- Albumin.
2- Globulins. |
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Name 2 simple proteins which preciptate in amm sulfate solutions:
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1- Albumins. (fully saturated)
2- Globulins. (Half saturated) |
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Globulins aren't soluble in water but they're soluble in:
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dilute salt solution.
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Protamins are rich in
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Arginine & Lysine Residues
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Prolamins are soluble in
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70-80% alcohol solution
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Scleroproteins are soluble in
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hot strong acids
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the non-protein part in a conjugated protein is called
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prothetic group
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Proteins are classified on the basis of the chemical nature of their prothetic group into:
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1- Glycoproteins.
2- Lipoproteins. 3- Nucleoproteins. 4- Phosphoproteins. 5- Chromoproteins. 6- Metalloproteins. |
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All proteins of the pituitary are
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glycoproteins except for oxytocin & vasopressin
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What is the protein when the carbohydrate content is more than 10% of the whole protein molecule
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mucoproteins or proteoglycans
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Chylomicrons are
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lipoproteins
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Casein of milk is a
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phosphoprotein
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VLDL, LDL, HDL are
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Lipoproteins
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A protein with a yellow-colored prothetic group is
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Riboflavin
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A protein with a red-colored prothetic group
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Hemoglobin
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A protein with a purple-colored prothetic group
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Visual purple(Vit.A)
(Rhodopsin) |
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A protein with a green-colored prothetic group
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Chlorophyll
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Copper-containing metalloprotein found in plasma
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Ceruloplasmin
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Copper containing enzyme essential for collagen synthesis
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Lysl Oxidase Enzyme
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Carbonic anhydrase contains
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Zinc
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Iron containing proteins are subdivided into:
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1- Heme-containing proteins.
2- Non Heme-containing proteins. |
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List some example of heme-containing proteins
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Hemoglobin
Myoglobin Cytochrome Oxidase Cytochrome p-450 Catalase Tryptophan pyrrolases. |
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List some examples of non heme-containing proteins
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Ferritin
Transferrin Lactoferrin |
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The only bonds that can't be broken by denaturation agents
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Peptide bonds
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Name 2 agents which break the sulfide bond
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beta-mercaptoethanol
performic acid |
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Van der waal's forces occur at a distance of
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3-4 A(contact distance)
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protein coformation
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the proteins after interactive forces has taken place between the AAs of the protein
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Native proteins
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Proteins in their functional, folded conformation.
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List the main bonds which distinguish each of the following protein structures:
1- Primary. 2- Secondary. 3- Tertiary |
1- Peptide bonds.
2- Hydrogen bonds. 3- All of the other forces, esp. disulfide bonds. |
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The types of secondary structures are
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1- Alpha Helices.
2- Beta pleated sheets. 3- Beta turns. |
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The alpha helices' structure is stabilized by
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Intrachain hydrogen bonds
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Each turn of the alpha helix consists of .... AA
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3.6
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The alpha helix occurring in most proteins is .... handed
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right
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Disruptions of the alpha helix may occur due to:
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1- Steric effect by bulky amino acids.
2- Proline's N which is a part of a hard ring structure. 3- Electrostatic repulsions. |
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The two types of beta pleated sheets are
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parallel
antiparallel |
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The beta pleated structure is rigid, therefore it can be found in
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fibrous proteins
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A polypeptide unit in the quaternary structure of a protein is called
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monomer
protomer |
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Amyloid
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protein deposits
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Physical factors which lead to denaturation are:
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1- High temperature
2- Vigorous Shaking. 3- High Pressure. 4- U.V & X-Ray radiations. |
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Chemical factors leading to denaturation are
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1- Strong acids and bases(irreversible)
2- Beta-mercaptoethanol. 3- Sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS) 4- Concentrated urea. |
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.... is used in laboratories to denature plasma proteins
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Trichloroacetic acid
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