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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Matter
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physical or corporeal substance in general, whether solid, liquid, or gaseous, especially as distinguished from incorporeal substance, as spirit or mind, or from qualities, actions, and the like.
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Atom
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basic unit of matter
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Molecule
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smallest unit of most compounds
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Element
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substance consisting entirely of one type of atom
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Compound
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substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions
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Electron
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negatively charged particle; located outside the atomic nucleus
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Proton
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a positively charged particle
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Neutron
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a particle with no charge
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Isotope
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atom of an element that has a number of neutrons different from that of other atoms
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Ionic bond
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bond formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another
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Non Polar Covalent Bond
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A bond between 2 nonmetal atoms that have the same electronegativity and therefore have equal sharing of the bonding electron pair
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Polar Covalent Bond
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A bond between 2 nonmetal atoms that have different electronegativities and therefore have unequal sharing of the bonding electron pair
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Mixture
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material composed of two or more elements or compounds that are mixed together but chemically combined
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Solution
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mixture of two or more substances in which the molecules of the substances are evenly distributed
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Suspension
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mixture of water and nondissolved materials
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Solute
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substance that is dissolved in a solvent to make a solution
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Solvent
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substance in which a solute is dissolved to form a solution
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pH Scale
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measurement system used to indicate the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in solution; ranges from 0 to 14
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Polymer
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large compound formed from combinations of many monomers
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Monomer
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small unit that can join together with other small units to form polymers
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Organic
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any molecules that contains BOTH CARBON and HYDROGEN together in the same molecule
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Inorganic
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any molecules that doesn't contain BOTH CARBON and HYDROGEN together in the same molecule.
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Monosaccharide
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a single, simple sugar
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Polysaccharide
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large macromolecule formed from monosaccarides
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carbohydrate
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compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; major source of energy for the human body
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lipid
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macromolecule made mainly from carbon and hydrogen atoms; includes fats, oils and waxes
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protein
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macromolecule that contains, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen; needed by the body for growth and repair to make up enzymes
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reactant
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element or compound that enters into a chemical reaction
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product
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element or compound produced by a chemical reaction
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substrate
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reactant of an enzyme-catlayzed reaction
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enzyme
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PROTEIN that acts as a biological catalyst. Cells use enzymes to speed up chemical reactions that take place in cells
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activation energy
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energy needed to get a reaction started
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Enzyme-Substrate Complex
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Enzymes provide a site where reactants can be brought together to react. Such a site reduces the energy needed for reaction. The reactants of enzyme-catalyzed reactions are known as substrates. REMEMBER-each protein has a specific complex shape. The proteins bind to a site on the enzyme called the active site. The active site and the substrates have complementary shapes. THE FIT IS SO PRECISE THAT THE ACTIVE SITE AND SUBSTRATES ARE OFTEN COMPARED TO A LOCK AND KEY. The enzyme and substrate are bound together by inetrmolecular forces and form an enzyme-substrate complex. They remain bound together until the reaction is done. Once the reaction is over, the products of the reaction are released and the enzyme is free to start the process again
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denaturation
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when enzymes become too hot they can be denatured-which means they are permanently changed and are unable to catalzye any more reactions
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Dehydration Synthesis
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Sucrose is formed when glucose and fructose join together in a reaction known as dehydration synthesis (think of what words mean- something being made when water is removed
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hydrolysis
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it means that a water molecule splits a compound
hydro-water; lysis-break apart |
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glycosidic bond
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a type of carbohydrate-protein covalent bond
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peptide bond
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a peptide forms when two or more amino acids join together. PEPTIDE BONDS LINK AMINO ACIDS TOGETHER WHEN A CONDENSATION REACTION ( a reaction in which water is produced) occurs between the amino group and a carboxly group
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