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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Redundancy Hypothesis
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Organisms in the same area have the same job. Coexist despite the redundant job.
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Carrying Capacity
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The maximum population size that a certain environment can support over time.
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Desert
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-Doesn't rain.
-Animals store water. -Plants have long roots. |
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Alpine/Arctic Tundras
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-Long winters
-Shrubs -Grasses -Permafrost |
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Taiga
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-Long winters
-Short summers -Evergreen forest (gymnosperms) -A lot of lakes Ex: Michigan |
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Grasslands
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-Temperature is the same as NJ
-Seasonal rains (A lot, causing floods. Or it doesn't rain at all). -Food chains dominated by large animals -Less availability of water then temperate deciduous forest. |
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Tropical Rain Forest
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-Most fragile
-High species diversity -Rapid recycling of nutrients -Plants grow out of dead plants, since there isn't good nutrients in the soil. |
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Biological vs chemical controls of pests
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Biological is the preferred option
-Introduce predators -Introduce disease that only affects pests. -Limit food supply. Chemical gets into the soil and pollutes surrounding area. |
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Eutrophication
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-Too much fertilizer gets into a lake via run-off.
-Algae grows rapidly -Algae uses up all the oxygen in the lake, killing everything. -Lake dies. |
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Metapopulation
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A huge population of animals consisting of smaller isolated populations.
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Primary vs secondary succession
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Primary= Start out from scratch on solid rock
- Volcanic rock can have primary succession occur. Secondary=Nature rebuilds itself from a former community -Ex: forest fire or an abandoned farm. |
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Climax Community
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The final type of community the area can support after succession ends.
-Climate changes -> climax community changes. -Lakes are never a climax community because they will eventually get filled in or dried up. |
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Pioneer Species
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Lichens
-They are the first thing to appear on solid rock. -They are two organisms intertwined (algae/fungus) -The algae makes sugar (via photosynthesis) -The fungus uses some of this sugar to sustain life. -The fungus helps the algae by providing more rain water. |
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Predator-Prey Relationships
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Prey reproduce fast, have large number of offspring.
-The more prey, the more predators can be around. -Balance of Nature. |
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Role of Bacteria
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-Decomposer
-Saprophytes |
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Food Pyramid
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Top - Quaternary
4th - Tertiary 3rd - Secondary 2nd - Primary 1st - Producer (autotroph) As you go up, there are less consumers and biomass. Also, less energy available. Always more biomass than other consumers. |
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DDT
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Pesticide used to kill off mosquitos.
-Some species of mosquitos were immune to it. -Didn't really solve problems, made it worse. -Caused birth defects in animals and humans. -Nonbiodegradeable, it becomes concentrated in animal tissues. More concentrated the higher up the food chain you go. -It's the cause of the endangerment of the bald eagle. |
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Fast moving stream has ___________.
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High levels of oxygen.
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Temperate Deciduous Forest
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4 seasons, deer, leaves fall off of trees in fall.
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Edge Effect
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The effect of the juxtaposition or placing side by side of contrasting environments on an ecosystem.
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Island Biogeography Model
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A field within biogeography that attempts to establish and explain the factors that affect the species richness of natural communities.
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Keystone Species
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A species that has a disproportionately large effect on its environment relative to its abundance.
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Batesian Mimicry
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An edible animal is protected by its resemblance to a noxious one that is avoided by predators.
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Biotic Potential
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The maximum reproductive capacity of a population if resources are unlimited.
-Full expression of the biotic potential of an organism is restricted by environmental resistance, any condition that inhibits the increase in number of the population. |
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Density Dependent
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Describes a situation in which population growth is curtailed by crowding, predators and competition.
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Density Independent
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Where factors such as weather or environmental conditions and disturbances may affect a population's carrying capacity.
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Population
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All individuals of a species.
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Community
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An assemblage of populations of different species, interacting with one another.
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Ecosystem
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A biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.
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Organism
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An individual animal, plant, or single-celled life form.
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Habitat
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The natural home or environment of an animal, plant, or other organism.
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Predation
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The preying of one animal on others.
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Mutualism
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Symbiosis that is beneficial to both organisms involved.
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Commensualism
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An association between two organisms in which one benefits and the other derives neither benefit nor harm.
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Food Pyramid
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Top - Quaternary
4th - Tertiary 3rd - Secondary 2nd - Primary 1st - Producer (autotroph) As you go up, there are less consumers and biomass. Also, less energy available. Always more biomass than other consumers. |
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DDT
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Pesticide used to kill off mosquitos.
-Some species of mosquitos were immune to it. -Didn't really solve problems, made it worse. -Caused birth defects in animals and humans. -Nonbiodegradeable, it becomes concentrated in animal tissues. More concentrated the higher up the food chain you go. -It's the cause of the endangerment of the bald eagle. |
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Fast moving stream has ___________.
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High levels of oxygen.
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Competition
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The activity or condition of competing.
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Parasitism
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The relation between two different kinds of organisms in which one receives benefits from the other by causing damage to it
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k and r Selected organisms
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r-selection: creatures produce many offspring and a few survive.
k-selection: a few competitive offspring survive. In an unstable environment, r-selection is an advantage, because the numerous offspring are more likely to find a favorable adaptation within the variation of the population. |
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r selection
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J-shape
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k selection
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S-Shape
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