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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the code in our bodies that tells each cell what to do and how to do it?
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A genetic code
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What is the molecule that carries the genetic code?
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DNA
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What is DNA made of?
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Nucleotides
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Nucleotides are made of what three things?
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~A 5-carbon sugar (deoxyribose)
~Phosphate ~Nitrogeneous base |
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What four scientists who discovered the structure of DNA?
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~Rosalind Franklin
~James Watson ~Francis Crick ~Erwin Chargaff |
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What does the structure of a DNA strand look like?
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A double helix (a twisted ladder)
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What make up the "sides" of the "ladder" of the DNA double helix?
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The deoxyribose and phosphates
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What makes the "rungs" of the ladder?
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Nitrogeneous Bases
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Name the four nitrogeneous bases
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Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, and Thymine
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What are the Purine Nitrogeneous Bases?
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Adenine and Guanine
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What are the Pyrimidine Nitrogeneous bases?
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Cytosine and Thymine
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What is it called when two bases form together to become one "rung" of the ladder?
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Base Pairing
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What is it called when DNA copies itself?
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Replication
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What are the four steps of Replication?
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1. Enzymes break the hydrogen bonds between the base pairs to "unzip" the two strands
2. Each seperated strand acts as a copy of teh opposite strand 3. Enzymes insert the appropriate bases to link the new sugar-phosphates together 4. Enzymes "proofread" the bases to make sure they are paired correctly |
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Where is the information for proteins located?
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DNA
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What acts as a messenger between DNA and rribosomes in the process of protein synthesis?
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RNA
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What are the differences between the STRUCTURE of DNA and RNA?
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1. The sugar in RNA is ribose (not deoxyribose)
2. RNA is single-stranded (only one sided ladder) 3. RNA has the base Uracil instead of Thymine |
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What are the three types of RNA?
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~Messenger RNA (mRNA)
~Transfer RNA (tRNA) ~Ribosomal RNA |
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What is transcription?
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Transcription: Process by which a molecule of DNA is copied, in a complementary strand of RNA (called mRNA)
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What is Translation?
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The decoding of mRNA message into a polypeptide chain (protein)
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Where does transcription take place?
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Nucleus
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Where does translation take place?
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Cytoplasm (in ribosomes)
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What does transfer RNA do?
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It carries amino acids to the ribosomes where amino acids are joined together to form polypeptides.
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What is an anticodon?
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The three tRNA nucleotides that are complementary to three nucleotides on the mRNA.
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