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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The attraction between the positive end of one water molecule to the negitive eond of another.
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Hydrogen Bond
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Water takes a lot of energy to increase its energy. This means it has a ....
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High Specific Heat
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Water molecules have a strong tendancy to stick together.
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Cohesion
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Water molecules like to stick to other substances.
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They are adhesive
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The combination of cohesion and adhesion accounts for the ability of water to rise hundreds of feet up through roots, trunks, and branches of the largest trees.
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Capillary action
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Carbohydrates, lipids, protiens, and nucleic acids are all ...
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Macromolecules
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Carbohydrates in their simplest form. (Cannot be broken down into smaller carbs)
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Monosaccharides
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One monosaccharide plus another monosaccharide equals....
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Disaccharide
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Hydrogen bonds that form between carbohydrate molecules result in forming bigger and more comples carbohydrate molecules.....
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Polysaccharides
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Plants use __________ to store glucose.
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Starch
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Animales use ___________ to store glucose.
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Glycogen
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special protiens that serve important biochemical functions, as they assist chemical reactions that take place inside the cells of organisms.
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Enzymes
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Twenty different ____________ function as the building blocks of all protiens in living things.
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Amino acids
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Joining two amino acid groups together through dehydration synthesis forms a...
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Dipeptide
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Three or more amino acids chemically bonded together through dehydration synthesis forms a......
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Polypeptide
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A group of organic molecules that are insoluble- do not dissolve - in water.
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Lipids
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Most abundant macoromlecules found in living things. They are key structural elements in almost all living things.
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Protiens
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Macromolecules made up of repeating units called nuleotides.
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Nucleic Acids
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Stores genetic information.
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DNA
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The energy needed for a reaction to start.
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Activation energy
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Molecules, that when added to a chemical reaction, will speed up the rate at which products are formed by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to start.
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Catalysts
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In an enzyme-aided reaction, reactants are called...
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substrates
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Special organic molecules called __________- are found in low concentrations in organic systems, or are generated on an as needed basis to assist enzymes in their catalytic functions.
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Coenzymes
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Organisms that are able to make their own food from inorganic sources. Plants/ Algaes
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Autotrophs
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Need "ready made" macromoleules to satisfy their energy requirment.
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Hetertrophs
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Each cell contains _________,tiny compartments where specific processes take place.
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organelles
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In plants they are the sites for the initial stage of photosynthesis.
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Chloroplasts
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If oxygen is present, ATP is produced by.....
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Aerobic respiration
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If oxygen is not present, ATP is produced by.....
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Anaerobic respiration
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Organelles in which the actual energy production step takes place.
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Mitochondria
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Small, single celled organisms that lack internal membrane bound organelles.
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Prokaryotes
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Command center of the cell - directs the inner workings and enables it to reproduce.
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Nucleus
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Small, membrane bound organelles located in the cytoplasm. They help manufacture the protiens required by the cell.
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Ribosomes
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A Network of membrane-bound canals that transport lipids and protien products to other locations in the cell.
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Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
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These organelles contain digestive enzymes that break down carbohydrates, lipids, protiens, and nucleic acids. The clean up crew of the cell.
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Lysomes
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Store any macromolecules, wastes, or products that will be transported out of the cell. They also help maintain a plants rigid,upright shape.
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Vacuoles
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The poweer or gas stations of the cell. They convert potential energy in to energy that the cell can use.
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Mitochondria
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Organelles that contain pigments in organisms such as green plants or algae.
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Chloroplasts
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Cylinder shaped organelles that are found near the nucleus. They assist in cellular division.
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Centrioles
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The medium inside the cell in which organelles are suspended.
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Cytoplasm
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A phospholipid bilayer that surrounds a cell to seperate its contents from the surrounding enviroment.
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Plasma Membrane
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Rigid structure found in some eukaryotic organisms, such as plants, fungi, and algae. Its job is to surround the cell membrane and protect its contents.
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Cell wall
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Any process tjat requires the use of energy to move substances across the cell membrane against the concentration gradient.
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Active transport
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