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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
B1- Chromosomes |
Long molecules of DNA coiled into a double helix shape, always in pairs |
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B1- Genes |
Codes for certain proteins |
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B1- Genotype |
All of the genes an organism has |
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B1- Phenotype |
The characteristics an organism displays |
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B1- Alleles |
Different versions of the same gene |
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B1- Homozygous |
Having 2 alleles the same for a certain gene |
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B1- Heterozygous |
Having 2 different alleles for a certain gene |
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B1- Dominant alleles |
If you have two dominant alleles for a gene or one dominant and a recessive, the characteristic caused by the dominant allele will be shown |
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B1- Recessive alleles |
To show the characteristic caused by a recessive allele, both alleles have to be recessive |
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B1- Cystic Fibrosis |
Genetic disorder caused by a recessive allele, symptoms are sticky mucus in air passages, chest infections, and breathing difficulty |
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B1- Huntington's Disease |
Genetic disorder caused by a dominant allele, symptoms are shaking, memory loss and poor concentration |
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B1- False positive |
Healthy patient being told they have a genetic disorder |
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B1- False negative |
Patient with genetic disorder being told they don't have a genetic disorder |
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B1- Clone |
Genetically identical organisms |
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B1- Asexual Reproduction |
When there is only one parent and the offspring are genetically identical to each other and the parent |
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B1- Stem cell |
Unspecialised cells that can develop into any kind of cell depending on the instructions they're given |
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B1- Embryonic stem cells |
Unspecialised cells found in early embryos, can specialise into ANY kind of cell |
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B1- Adult stem cells |
Unspecialised cells found in adult animals, can only specialise into certain cell types |
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B2- Symptom |
The effects an infection has on the body |
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B2- Antigens |
Protein molecules on the surface of a microorganism's cell |
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B2- Antibodies |
Proteins produced by WBCs that are specific to a particular antigen and therefore specific to a microorganism |
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B2- Memory Cells |
WBCs that remain in the blood after an infection has been fought off and can reproduce quickly if the same microorganism were to enter the blood again |
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B2- Epidemic |
Large outbreak of disease |
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B2- Herd immunity |
If most people are vaccinated against a disease, people who aren't vaccinated are unlikely to catch it |
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B2- Antimicrobials |
Chemicals that inhibit the growth of microorganisms or kill them without damaging body cells |
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B2- Placebos |
Fake treatments that don't have any effect on the patient |
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B2- Blind trials |
Where patients don't know if they've been given the drug or a placebo |
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B2- Double blind trials |
Neither the patients or the research scientists know which patients get the real drug and which get the placebo |
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B2- Open-label trials |
Both the patients and the scientists are aware of the treatment being used |
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B2- The heart |
Pumping organ. Right side pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs to collect oxygen and remove CO2, left side pumps oxygenated blood around the body (double pump) |
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B2- Arteries |
Carry blood away from heart to body cells |
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B2- Veins |
Carry blood back to the heart |
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B2- Capillaries |
Tiny branches of arteries, carry blood close to body cells to exchange substances with them |
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B2- Heart rate |
Number of times a minute your heart beats |
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B2- Pulse rate |
Number of times a minute an artery pulsates |
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B2- Epidemiology |
The study of patterns of diseases and the factors that effect them |
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B2- Homeostasis |
Maintaining a constant internal environment by balancing inputs and outputs |
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B2- Receptors |
Detect a change in the environment |
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B2- Processing centre |
Receives information and coordinates a response |
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B2- Effectors |
Produce a response, which counteracts the change |
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B2- ADH |
Hormone situated in pituitary gland that controls urine concentration |
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B3- Species |
Group of organisms that can breed together to produce fertile offspring |
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B3- Mutations |
Changes in genes that can happen randomly |