Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What type of bonding does carbon have?
|
covalent
|
|
what shapes can organic molecules make?
|
chains
|
|
what are functional groups?
|
-groups of atoms attached to a carbon backbone
-determine the characteristics and chemical reactivity of the molecule |
|
how are organic molecules produced?
|
by assembling subunits called monomers into large molecules called polymers
|
|
what is dehydration synthesis?
|
molecules are joined together by the removal of h2o molecules
|
|
what is a hydrolysis reaction?
|
molecules are broken apart by the addition of h2o molecules
|
|
what are the 4 categories of organic molecules?
|
-carbohydrates
-lipids -proteins -nucleic acids |
|
what are examples of carbohydrates?
|
sugars and starches for energy, cellulose for structural support
|
|
what are the 3 types of sugars?
|
monosaccharide [single sugar]
disaccharide [two sugars] polysaccharide [many sugars] |
|
what are most carbohydrates soluble in?
|
h2o
|
|
what is the most common monosaccharide?
|
glucose [c6h12o6]
|
|
what are other examples of monosaccharides?
|
fructose, galactose, ribose, and deoxyribose
|
|
what are 3 examples of disaccharides?
|
sucrose, lactose, maltose
|
|
what are 3 examples of polysaccharides?
|
starch in plants, glycogen in animals, cellulose in cell wall
|
|
what can digest cellulose?
|
microbes in cows, termites
|
|
where is chitin found?
|
polysaccharide in the exoskeleton of insects, spiders, crabs
|
|
what are 3 groups of lipids?
|
a. fats, oils, and waxes
b. phospholipids c. steroids |
|
what is the chemical name for fats and oils?
|
triglyceride
|
|
why are fats and oils important?
|
energy storage
|
|
what are the differences between fats and oils?
|
-fats: solid at room temp, single bonds, saturated, no kinks, more H
-oils: liquid at room temp, double bonds, unsaturated, kinks, less H |
|
why are waxes important?
|
waterproof leaves, stems, fur, beehives, insect exoskeleton
|
|
where are phospholipids found?
|
in the plasma membrane [phospholipid bilayer]
|
|
what is unusual about the parts of phospholipids?
|
head- hydrophilic
tail- hydrophobic |
|
what is the shape of a steroid?
|
ring
|
|
what are the building blocks of proteins?
|
made up of amino acids, 20 common amino acids exist
|
|
what are some uses of proteins?
|
skin elasticity, keratin in hair, albumen in eggs, hemoglobin for transport of o2, silk in spider webs, snake venom, antibodies, enzymes
|
|
what holds amino acids together?
|
peptide bonds
|
|
what are the 4 levels of organization in proteins?
|
primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary
|
|
where are the instructions for protein formation?
|
in genes
|
|
what is an example of a disorder that results from a mistake in amino acids of a protein?
|
sickle cell anemia
|
|
what does denature mean and what can cause it?
|
change in protein structure and therefore a change in function, can be caused by heat, ultraviolet radiation, acids, salts
|
|
what are nucleic acid subunits called?
|
nucleotides.
[nucleic acids are polymers made up of many monomers called nucleotides] |
|
what are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?
|
phosphate, 5-carbon sugar, nitrogenous base
|