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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the cell theory?
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All cells come from preexisting cells and organisms are all composed of cells.
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Are prokaryotic cells bigger or smaller than eukaryotic cells?
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Smaller
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Describe the structure of prokaryotic cells
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Often single cell, but can be found in chains or clusters, has a plasma membrane, has ribosomes and cell wall, flagella used for movement, and mesosomes (internal membrane)
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Describe the structure of eukaryotic cells
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Has organelles (such as nucleus, mitochondria, golgi app, and ribosomes)
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Describe the structure of the nucleus
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largest organelle, measures 5 um in diameter, enclosed in nuclear envelope, contains most of DNA, site of DNA duplication, determines when cells divide, controls cellular activities
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What does the outer membrane of the nucleus fold outward into?
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Endoplasmic Reticulum
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What do nuclear pores do?
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Connect interior of nucleus with cytoplasm
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What does the pore complex consist of?
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8 protein granules that surround nuclear pore
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What is the nuclear lamina?
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Protein meshwork ches to chromatin and nuclear envelope
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Describe the function of ribosomes
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site for protein sythesis, located in the nucleus, rough ER, mitochondria, and chloroplasts
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What is the function of the golgi apparatus?
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Like a post office, the golgi app receives proteins from ER and modifies them. THen are sorted, packaged, and sent to destinations
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What does the golgi apparatus consist of?
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cisternae
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What are the three parts of cisternae?
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cis (bottom closets to ER), trans (top closest to surface of cell), medial (middle)
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What is the function of lysosomes?
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In the golgi, they contain 40 digestive enzymes to break down macromolecules using hydrolysis (1 um in diameter)
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What is the function of mitochondria?
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Converts potential chemical energy into atp (only type of energy the cell can use)
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Are plastids produced in plant cells or animal cells?
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Plant cells
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What are the three types of plastids?
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Chloroplasts, Chromoplasts, Leucoplasts
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What does the interior of chloroplasts resemble?
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Pita bread
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What do chloroplasts consist of?
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grana
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What does grana consist of?
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Thylakoids
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What do thylakoids consist of?
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Light absorbing pigments such as chlorophyll and carotenoids
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What are grana suspended in?
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fluid called stroma
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What does stroma consist of?
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Ribosomes and DNA
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What are chromoplasts compromised of?
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Carotenoid pigments that give plants color
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What are leucoplasts used for?
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Storage unit for starches and fats
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What do peroxisomes do?
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Break down H2O2 (dangerous byproduct of cellular chemical reactions
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Are vacuoles found in plant or animal cells?
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Plant
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What are vacuoles used for?
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Toxic waste storage, turgor pressure for structure
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What are anthocyanis?
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Pigments (blue and pink) found in vacuoles
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What are contractile vacuoles used for in protists?
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Used in fresh water to remove water as the protist moves
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What is the function of the cytoskeleton?
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Maintains shape and support, provides for movement, positionso rganelles, acts as a track for motor proteins
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What are microfilaments?
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single, bundles, or networks used to help the cell or parts of the cell move, determines and stabilizes cell shape
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What protein are microfilaments made of?
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Actin
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What is the function of intermediate filaments?
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stabilizes cell structure, resists tention
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What are desmosomes?
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Things that weld cells together
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What are cilia and flagella composed of?
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Microtubules
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What do cilia and flagellal do?
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push or pull cell through an aquatic environment
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What are microtubules made from?
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protein tubulin
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What are some characteristics of microtubules?
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hollow, form internal skeleton, serve as track for motor proteins
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Are centrioles found in prokaryotic cells?
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NO
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What are centrioles made up of?
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Bundle of microtubules
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What are centrioles used in?
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The formation of mitotic spindle
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What does the cell wall do?
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Supports and limits volume, acts as a barrier
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What is the extracellular matrix made from?
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Fibrous proteins- collagen
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What does extracellular matrix do?
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Holds cells together in tissues, physical properties of cartilage, skin, and other tissues
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