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93 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The Mars Exploration Rovers were equipped with independent “legs” and wheels to give it ______________ and _______________.
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Stability, flexibility
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Instead of a hard shell, arthropods invented an __________________ to wear outside their body.
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Exoskeleton
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The exoskeleton is the most successful innovation that came from the ______________ explosion.
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Cambrian
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_____________________ were likely to be the fist animals to venture onto land.
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Horseshoe Crabs
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Over ____________ percent of known animal species are insects.
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90
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Flowering plants are classified as _____________________.
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Angiosperms
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Flowers house both _______________ and ________________ reproductive organs.
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Male, female
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Flowers have evolved to use ____________________ as couriers for their pollen.
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Animals
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Flowers that can be pollinated by a wide variety of insects are ________________.
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Generalists
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The dead horse arum attracts pollinators by smelling of ___________________.
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Rotten Flesh
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____________________ is the mutual evolutionary influence between 2 species that become dependent on each other.
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Co-evolution
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Plants produce _______________ to function as a reward for visiting insects.
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Nectar
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Current data suggest that 2 in 3 Americans is either __________ or ____________.
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Obese, overweight
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The BMI represents ___________ __________ ____________.
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Body Mass Index
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The BMI evaluates your ___________ in relation to your _________.
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weight, height
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If your BMI is greater than 30 you would be considered _____________.
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obese
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If your BMI is between _______ & ________you would be considered overweight.
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25, 29
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A calorie is the amount of released heat to raise 1 kg of water by _________.
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1*C
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If you eat an extra 40-50 calories a day, you would be estimated to gain _____ pound(s) every year.
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one
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The equation for photosynthesis begins with carbon dioxide, sunlight, and water, to form, glucose, ___________, and water.
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oxygen
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In plants, the green pigment that traps solar energy is known as __________.
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Chlorophyll
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The source of hydrogen needed for photosynthesis comes from___________
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water
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Obesity can result in a number of diseases such as heart disease, ___________, high cholesterol, osteoarthritis ___________ and ___________
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diabetes, stroke, cancer
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The splitting of uranium atoms, as used in the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima, is referred to as nuclear _____________.
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fission
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The process of fusing hydrogen atoms to form helium, which releases huge amounts of energy, is known as __________.
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Nuclear fusion
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In ____________, ATP production is very low and there is a buildup of lactic acid as a byproduct.
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anaerobic respiration
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In aerobic respiration ________ is broken down in to water and _________.
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glucose, CO2
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__________ is required for aerobic respiration.
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oxygen
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In anaerobic respiration glucose is broken down into __________ _________
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lactic acid
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In the Nazi gas chambers, __________ was used to cause death as this gas which blocks the enzyme that transfers hydrogen to oxygen.
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hydrogen cyanide
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Hydrogen cyanide inhibits ________ _________ by blocking the enzyme that transfers hydrogen to oxygen.
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aerobic respiration
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When you eat food, your body utilizes the __________ within it to make carbon dioxide and water.
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glucose
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In physical exercise ________ provides the chemical energy to power muscle contractions
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ATP
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Enzymes accelerate chemical reactions but remain __________ themselves.
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unchanged
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_________ are proteins that facilitate biochemical reactions.
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enzymes
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Your body is only a temporary home for hydrogen, oxygen, and _________ atoms
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carbon
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The French scientist, Antoine Laviosier, developed the Law of ________________to describe the fact that matter cannot be created nor destroyed.
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conservation
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Elevation of the body core temperature to a dangerous and often fatal level is known as __________.
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hyperthermia
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The seasons on Earth are a result of the ______ of the axis.
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tilt
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The _______ is the portion of the Earth measured from the iron core, to the mantle.
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lithosphere
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Even though Venus is twice as far from the sun than Mercury, its surface temperature __________ than Mercury and is mostly likely the result of ____________ trapped in its atmosphere.
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higher, CO2
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The thin layer of air that has been captures and is maintained by Earth’s gravity is known as the __________.
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atmosphere
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The Earth’s ________ contains all of the water on the planet, of which the vast majority is in the form of _________.
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hydrosphere, salt water
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The amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere on Earth is maintained by the __________, which absorbs it through photosynthesis but produces it as a result of respiration.
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biosphere
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The _______ greenhouse effect is most associated with human actions stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and which may be causing changes in Earth’s climate.
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anthropogenic
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Earth’s seasons are due to the _________° tilt of it’s axis in relation to the sun.
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23.5
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The ________ extends from the crust to the upper most layer of the mantle.
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lithosphere
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The hydrosphere consists of all the _________ found on Earth.w
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water
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The ocean accounts for ____________ of Earth’s water
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97.25
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The atmosphere of Earth consists of ____________ nitrogen and 21% _________.
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78%, oxygen
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The ______ hypothesis states that the extinction of the dinosaurs was facilitated by a large _______ hitting Earth.
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alvarex, asteroid
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A very accurate way to date living and non-living material using the predicted decay of certain elements is called __________.
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radiometric dating
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The element _________ is often used for dating very old objects like the Earth, because it has a half-life of over 4.5 billion years.
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uranium
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The _______ is a part of Earth’s history when the planet was constantly bombarded with meteors and the surface was liquid rock.
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magma ocean
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The ______ catastrophe occurred when the heavy elements sunk to the core of early Earth.
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iron
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The magnetic field of Earth protects us against the ________ which is radiation given off by our sun.
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solar wind
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The collision between Earth and a Mar’s sized planetoid created our ______.
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moon
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Two sources of the water on our planet are likely from ________ and ________.
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volcanos, comets
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Early life on Earth is hypothesized to be similar to life surrounding _________ in the deep oceans, where energy from hydrogen sulfide is used.
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hydrothermal vents
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The amount of oxygen in our current atmosphere is a result of billions of years of photosynthesis by ___________.
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cynanobacteria
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Evidence suggests that Earth and the ___________ ___________ were formed at the same time.
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Solar System
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In radiometric dating scientists determine the amount of time required for _____ of the radioactive element to be converted into product.
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1/2
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___________ has a ½ life of 5703 years, which makes it suitable to date ________ samples.
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Carbon14, young
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Earth’s liquid iron core flows and rotates gave rise to the ___________ _________, which protects us from solar winds.
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magnetic field
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The first life on Earth lived in a very hostile environment, where bacteria survived only deep below the surface by extracting chemical energy from ______________ ____________
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hydrogen sulfide
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The cooling of Earth’s crust occurred ____________ in earth’s formation.
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early
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The atmosphere on Earth reached _________ oxygen about 560million years ago
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21%
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The technique called _____ fertilization has been used for about 30 years to assist couples who have had difficult conceiving a child on their own.
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in vitro
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In vitro fertilization is when the ________ is fertilized outside of the ___________.
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egg, universe
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The _______ experiment was conducted by a graduate student in 1953 who demonstrated that the early Earth could have produced compounds, like amino acids, necessary for life.
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Miller
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The collision of _______ with Earth has been shown to cause the formation of peptides, the chemicals which make up proteins.
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comets
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Three basic characteristics of life include the abilities to ______, ______, and _______.
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use energy, reproduce, evolve
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The formation of _______ , which surround all cells and act as a container for life, has been accomplished by scientists interested in the formation of early life on Earth.
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membranes
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Once all elements in the center of a star have been utilized for energy, the star reaches the ______ barrier.
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iron
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In order for heavy elements to be produced, a star must ______, which generates tremendous heat allowing for the formation of many of the elements found I the universe.
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explode
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A ________ can be made by stringing together the correct sequence of nucleotides together.
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gene
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The 3 requirements of life include energy for growth and change, to___________, & to___________
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reproduce, evolve
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Stars are formed by the fusion of 3 ________ nuclei to produce carbon.
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helium
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A star explosion, know as a ____________ __________, occurs when ________ cannot be fused further.
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super nova, iron
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All of the hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, calcium, and iron in our body come from _________ _________ that was released by stars upon their death.
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star dust
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Living organisms are composed of 49%___________, 24%__________, and 24% oxygen.
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hydrogen, carbon
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The theory that life arose on Earth from organic building blocks that were present in the water on Earth’s surface is known as the __________ hypothesis.
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abiogenesis
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In her experiments, Jennifer Black demonstrated that the intense heat and pressures meteorites experience during entry into earth’s atmosphere actually causes amino acids in a meteorite to form __________
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polypeptides
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Energy powers life through the inter-conversion of water and carbon dioxide to form __________.
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carbohydrates
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The inhospitable caves known as Caeva De Willa Luiz in Mexico are home to bacteria which form large colonies that drip from the ceilings. These colonies are called _________.
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snotitties
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Lake Vostok is a large body of water which is located about 4,000 m below the ___________ ice sheets and contains abundant life which can tolerate the extreme cold.
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antartic
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Bacteria live 3.5 km underground within the Earth’s crust and gain their energy from _______ gas
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methane
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______, a moon of Jupiter, is hypothesized to have a liquid ocean capable of supporting life under its thick ice caps.
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europa
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SETI was the first scientific organization to look for evidence of ______________
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extraterrestrial intelligence
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The equation formulated in the 1960’s to estimate the possible number of intelligent civilizations in the Milky Way Galaxy is called the _______ equation.
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drake
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Although it is currently impossible to see distant planets around other stars using telescopes, we can detect them because the planets exert a gravitational pull on the stars that they orbit. This pull causes the star to _________.
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wobble
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________ telescopes were the first type of telescopes employed to look for the signals of communication from distant civilizations.
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Radio
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One argument for the presence of intelligent life elsewhere in our galaxy assumes that because _________ evolved, the conditions of the universe must be suitable for intelligent life to evolve elsewhere.
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humans
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