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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the meaning of nutrition?
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Nutrition is the taking in of nutrients which are organic
substances and mineral ions, containing raw materials or energy for growth and tissue repair, absorbing and assimilating them. |
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What is the meaning of excretion?
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Excretion is the removal from organisms of
(1) toxic materials, (2) the waste products of metabolism (chemical reactions in cells including respiration), and (3) substances in excess of requirements. |
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What is the meaning of respiration?
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Respiration is the chemical reaction that breaks
down nutrient molecules in living cells to release energy. |
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What is the meaning of sensitivity?
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Sensitivity is the ability to detect or sense changes
in the environment (stimuli) and to make responses. |
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What is the meaning of reproduction?
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Reproduction is the process that makes more of
the same kind of organism. |
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What is the meaning of growth?
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Growth is a permanent increase in size and dry
mass by an increase in cell number, cell size or both. |
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What is the meaning of movement?
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Movement is an action by an organism or part of
an organism causing a change of position or place. |
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What is the meaning of binomial system?
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The binomial system is a system in which the scientific name of an organism is made up of two parts showing the genus and species.
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What is the meaning of tissues?
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Tissues are a group of cells with similar structures, working together to perform a shared function.
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What is the meaning of an organ?
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Organs are structures made up of a group of tissues, working together to perform specific
functions. |
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What is the meaning of organ systems?
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Organ systems are a group of organs with related functions, working together to perform body functions.
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What is the meaning of diffusion?
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Diffusion is the net movement of molecules from a region of their higher concentration to a region of their lower concentration down a concentration gradient as a result of their random movement.
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What is the meaning of active transport?
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Active transport is the movement of ions in or out of a cell through the cell membrane, from a region of their lower concentration to a region of their higher concentration against a concentration gradient, using energy released during respiration.
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What is the meaning of osmosis?
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Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules from a region of their higher concentration (dilute solution) to a region
of their lower concentration (concentrated solution), through a partially permeable membrane. |
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What is the meaning of catalyst?
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Catalyst is a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction and is not changed by the reaction.
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What is the meaning of enzymes?
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Enzymes are proteins that function as biological catalysts.
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What is the meaning of photosynthesis?
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Photosynthesis is the fundamental process by which plants manufacture carbohydrates from raw materials using energy
from light. |
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What is the meaning of the term limiting factor ?
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A limiting factor is something present in the environment in such short supply that it restricts life processes.
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What is the meaning of ingestion?
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Ingestion is the taking of substances (e.g. food, drink) into the body through the mouth.
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What is the meaning of egestion?
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Egestion is the passing out of food that has not been digested, as faeces, through the anus.
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What is the meaning of digestion?
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Digestion is the break-down of large, insoluble food molecules into small, watersoluble molecules using mechanical and chemical processes.
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What is the meaning of absorption?
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Absorption is the movement of digested food molecules through the wall of the intestine
into the blood or lymph. |
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What is the meaning of assimilation?
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Assimilation is the movement of digested food molecules into the cells of the body where
they are used, becoming part of the cells. |
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What is the meaning of deamination?
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Deamination is the removal of the nitrogen containing part of amino acids to form urea, followed by release of energy from the remainder of the amino acid
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What is the meaning of transpiration?
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Transpiration is the evaporation of water at
the surfaces of the mesophyll cells followed by loss of water vapour from plant leaves, through the stomata. |
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What is the meaning of translocation?
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Translocation is the movement of sucrose and amino acids in phloem;
• from regions of production • to regions of storage OR to regions of utilisation in respiration or growth. |
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What is the meaning of circulatory system?
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The circulatory system is a system of tubes with a pump and valves to ensure one-way flow of blood.
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What is the meaning of double circulation?
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Double circulation is a low pressure circulation to the lungs and a high pressure circulation to the body tissues
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What is the meaning of aerobic respiration?
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Aerobic respiration is the release of a relatively large amount of energy in cells by the breakdown of food substances in the presence
of oxygen |
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What is the meaning of anaerobic respiration ?
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Anaerobic respiration is the release of a relatively small amount of energy by the
breakdown of food substances in the absence of oxygen. |
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What is the meaning of sense organs?
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Sense organs are groups of receptor cells responding to specific stimuli: light, sound, touch, temperature and chemicals.
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What is the meaning of hormone?
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A hormone is a chemical substance, produced by a gland, carried by the blood, which alters the activity of one or more specific target
organs and is then destroyed by the liver. |
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What is the meaning of homeostasis?
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Homeostasis is the maintenance of a constant internal environment.
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What is the meaning of a drug?
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A drug is any substance taken into the body that modifies or affects chemical reactions in the body.
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What is the meaning of asexual reproduction?
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Asexual reproduction is the process resulting in the production of genetically identical offspring from one parent
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What is the meaning of sexual reproduction?
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Sexual reproduction is the process involving the fusion of haploid nuclei to form a
diploid zygote and the production of genetically dissimilar offspring. |
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What is the meaning of pollination?
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Pollination is the transfer of pollengrains from the male part of the plant (anther
of stamen) to the female part of the plant (stigma). |
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What is the meaning of growth and development?
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Growth is a permanent increase in size and dry mass by an increase in cell number or cell size or both.
Development is an increase in complexity . |
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What is the meaning of inheritance?
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Inheritance is the transmission of genetic information from generation to
generation. |
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What is the meaning of chromosomes?
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Chromosome is the thread of DNA, made up of a string of genes.
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What is the meaning of a gene?
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A gene is the length of DNA that is the unit of heredity and codes for a specific protein. A gene may be copied and passed on to the next generation
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What is the meaning of an allele?
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An allele is any of two or more alternative forms of a gene.
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What is the meaning of a haploid nucleus?
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A haploid nucleus is a nucleus containing a single set of unpaired chromosomes (e.g.sperm and egg)
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What is the meaning of a diploid nucleus?
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A diploid nucleus is a nucleus containing two sets of chromosomes (e.g. in body
cells). |
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What is the meaning of mitosis?
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Mitosis is nuclear division giving rise to genetically identical cells in which the
chromosome number is maintained by the exact duplication of chromosomes |
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What is the meaning of meiosis?
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Meiosis is reduction division in which the chromosome number is halved from diploid to haploid.
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What is the meaning of genotype?
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Genotype is the genetic makeup of an organism in terms of the alleles present (e.g. Tt or GG)
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What is the meaning of phenotype?
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Phenotype is the physical or other features of an organism due to both its genotype and its environment (e.g. tall
plant or green seed). |
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What is the meaning of homozygous?
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Homozygous is having two identical alleles of a particular gene (e.g. TT or gg). Two
identical homozygous individuals that breed together will be pure-breeding. |
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What is the meaning of heterozygous?
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Heterozygous is having two different alleles of a particular gene (e.g. Tt or Gg), not pure-breeding
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What is the meaning of dominant?
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Dominant is an allele that is expressed if it is present (e.g. T or G)
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What is the meaning of recessive?
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Recessive is an allele that is only expressed when there is no dominant allele of the gene present (e.g. t or g).
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What is the meaning of mutation?
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Mutation as a change in a gene or chromosome
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What is the meaning of natural selection?
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Natural selection is the greater chance of passing on of genes by the best adapted organisms
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What is the meaning of genetic engineering?
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Genetic engineering is taking a gene from one species and putting it into another species
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What is a food chain?
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A food chain is a chart showing the flow of energy (food) from one organism to the next beginning with a producer (e.g. mahogany tree → caterpillar → song bird → hawk).
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What is a food web?
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A food web is a network of interconnected food chains showing the energy flow through part of an ecosystem
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What is a producer?
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A producer is an organism that makes its own organic nutrients, usually using energy from sunlight, through photosynthesis.
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What is a consumer?
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A consumer is an organism that gets its energy by feeding on other organisms.
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What is a herbivore?
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A herbivore is an animal that gets its energy by eating plants.
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What is a carnivore?
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A carnivore is an animal that gets its energy by eating other animals
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What is a decomposer?
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A decomposer is an organism that gets its energy from dead or waste organic matter.
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What is an ecosystem?
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An ecosystem is a unit containing all of the organisms and their environment, interacting together, in a given area e.g. decomposing log or a lake
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What is a trophic level?
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A trophic level is the position of an organism in a food chain, food web or pyramid of biomass, numbers or energy.
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What is population?
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Population is a group of organisms of one species, living in the same area at the same time.
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