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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Virus
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Package of nucleic acid wrapped in a protein coat
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Bacteriophage
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Virus that infects bacteria
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Deoxribonucleic Acid (DNA)
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molecule that stores genetic information
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Nucleotides
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Units that make up DNA
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Pyrimidines
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Nitrogenous bases with single rings
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Purines
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Nitrogenous bases with double rings
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Double Helix
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DNA molecule with a twisting shape, two strands of DNA twist together with the sugar-phosphate backbone on the outside and nitrogenous bases on the inside
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DNA Replications
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process of copying the DNA molecule
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DNA Polymerases
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Enzymes that form the bonds between the nucleotides of the new DNA strand
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One gene-one enzyme hypothesis
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Each gene controls the production of a specific enzyme
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Transcription
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DNA sequence converted to the form of a single-stranded RNA molecule
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Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)
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Nucleic acid with the sugar ribose rahter than deoxyribose
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Translation
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converts nucleic acid seguence into a sequence of amino acids
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Codon
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Three-base sequence, codes for amino acid
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Messenger RNA
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Transcribed from the DNA molecule
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RNA Polymerase
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Joins the RNA nucleotides together during transcription
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Introns
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The sections of the mRNA
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RNA Splicing
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Process of removing the introns and joins the coding regions, which are called exons
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Transfer RNA
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Molecule with an amino acid binding site one end and a three-base anticodon at the other end
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Anticodon
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Sequence that is complementary to a codon in the mRNA
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Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
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Amino acid being added to the polypeptide and takes place on a ribosome, which is made of rRNA
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Mutation
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A change in the nucleotide sequence
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Mutagen
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A physical or chemical agent that causes a mutation
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