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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Photoheterotroph
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Obtain energy from sunlight and use organic sources for their carbon
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Phylogenetic Systematics
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Connects classification with evolutionary history
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Synapomorphy
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Shared derived trait
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Paraphyletic
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Contains some but not all of the descendants from a common ancestor
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Hypertheromophiles
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Grow in hot, highly acidic pools.
Die in temperatures 131 degrees C or below because it is too cold |
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Photoautotrophs
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Harness sunlight for energy and CO2 for carbon source
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Cyanobacteria
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Called "Blue-Green Algae" Can fix nitrogen and do photosynthesis
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Autotrophs
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Make their own food
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Parsimony
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The least complex explanation for an observed phenomenon
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Convergent Evolution
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Adaptive change resulting in non-homologous similarities among organisms
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Flagella
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What some prokaryotes use to move around
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Obligate Anaerobe
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Die in the presence of oxygen
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Methanogens
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Release 2 billion tons of methane gas into the Earth's atmosphere every year
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Gram (+)
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Have thick peptidoglycan in cell wall that stains purple
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Divergent Evolution
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Accumulation of differences between groups which can lead to the formation of a new species
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Bacilli
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Rod-shaped
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Cocci
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Spherical-shaped
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Cladograms
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Represent the evolutionary tree of life
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1/3 of methane gas production comes from here
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Intestines of grazing herbivores
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Obligate Aerobe
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Must have oxygen to survive
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Spirilla
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Syphillis
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Chemoheterotroph
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Get energy and Carbon from organic molecules
*largest and most diverse group of prokaryotes* |
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Peptidoglycan
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Unique to Bacteria, not found in Archaea
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Bacteria & Archaea
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Two Domains of Prokaryotes
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Mycoplasmas
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Smallest and simplest self-replicating organisms. Strictly parasites.
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Endotoxins
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Components of the outer membranes of pathogenic bacteria
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Polyphyletic
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Taxon composed of unrelated organisms descended from more than one ancestor
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Biofilm
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Surface-coating colony of prokaryotes that engage in metabolic cooperation
Example: Plaque on teeth |
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Proteobacteria
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Salmonella, E. coli
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Cell Wall
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Contains peptidoglycan
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Chemoautotroph
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Energy from inorganic chemicals and carbon from CO2 to make organic molecule.
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Outgroup
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Group of taxa known to have diverged before the lineage that contains the ingroup
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How Prokaryotes reproduce
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1.) Binary Fission
2.) Conjugation |
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Monophyletic
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Derived from a single ancestor that didn't give rise to any other species in any other taxa
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Gram (-)
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Have thin petidoglycan layer that stains pink
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Exotoxins
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Proteins secreted by pathogenic bacteria.
Example: Clostridium Tetani |
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Homologous Traits
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Traits in different species that are similar because of common ancestry
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Archaebacteria
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Kingdom in Domain Archaea
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Eubacteria
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Kingdom in Domain Bacteria
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Ingroup
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Group of taxa that is being analyzed
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Pathogen
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Causes diseases
Example: Staph |
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Halophiles
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Salt-loving
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Heterotroph
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Eat other organisms
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Analogous Traits
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Trait is morphologically and functionally similar, but came from different ancestors.
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Mutations
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Primary source of variation in Prokaryotes.
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Facultative Anaerobe
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Can do metabolism with or without oxygen.
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Eon which prokaryotes were first recorded in the fossil record
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Archaean or Pre-Cambrian
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Properties of Prokaryotes
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No Nucleus,
No membrane-bound organelles, Small, Cytoplasm, Plasma Membrane |
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Thermoplasmas
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No Cell Wall,
Heat and Acid-loving, Found in coal deposits, Smallest genome among all organisms |
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Chlamydias
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Obligate intracellular organisms.
-3 species |