Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what is the bacterial cell wall and cover made of? plant cell? fungi cell wall? |
polysaccharides and glycocalyx cellulose chitin |
|
bacterial capule
|
protects bacteria made of thick glycocalyx
|
|
nucleoid nucleus |
area in bacterial cells where singular circular chromosome membrane bound organelle where linear chromosome DNA is found |
|
plasmids |
small pieces of circular DNA |
|
ribosomes |
synthesize proteins |
|
cytoplasm
|
clear gelatinous fluid holds organelles
|
|
flagella and cillia |
whip like structure used for mobility; short haried strcucture found in more amounts |
|
Anabaena gelatinous sheath |
covering and connecting cell into colonies |
|
heterocyst |
speicilized cell fixes nitrogen gas |
|
chloroplasts |
location within photosynthesis occurs |
|
central vacuole |
storage of water and ions |
|
cytoplasmic streaming (Elodea cell) |
movement of cytoplasm within the cell Elodea cell movement of chloroplasts |
|
compound microscope |
used to look at non transparent materials |
|
phase contrast |
used to look for unstained specimen best for thin specimen |
|
Differential interference contract microscopy (DIC or Nomarski) |
used to look for unstained living specimen used for thicker specimen |
|
fluorescence
|
absorb one wavelength of ultraviolet light, black background
used to see specific molecules or organelles |
|
confocal laser scanning |
very thin plane use computer to produce 3D image |
|
electron microscope (TEM) (SEM) |
high resolving power TEM used for seeing internal organelles; thin specimen SEM used to create 3D image of surface; thicker specimen |
|
selectively permeable |
allows only certain substances through and blocks others |
|
nuclear envelope |
double bound membrane; surrounds nucleus |
|
mitochondria |
undergoes cellular respiration to produce adenine triphosphate (ATP) |
|
plastids |
membrane bound organelles |
|
chloroplasts thylakoid membrane |
contains green pigmented chlorophyll; site of photosynthesis
location of chlorophyll location of photosynthesis |
|
chromoplasts |
plastid contains pigments called carotenoids and are usualy yellow red or purple; used to attract animals and insects for pollination or seed dispersal |
|
plasmodesmata |
connections between plant cells; connects adjacent cells |
|
leucoplasts |
stores starch proteins or lipids(fats) |
|
Amoeba (pseudopodia) |
cellular extensions made of microfilaments used for phagocytosis (cell eating) and movement along substrate. |
|
contractile vacuole (Amoeba) |
used for osmoregulation empties water; Amoeba is hypertonic to its enviorment |
|
cristae |
partitions of the inner mitochondrion membrane |
|
lysosome |
organelle enclosed in a membrane; contains digestive enzymes |
|
nucleolus |
located within the nucleus synthesizes proteins and RNA |
|
cytoskeleton |
supports cell; made of microfilaments and micotubules, divides cell into compartments and is important in cell division |
|
isotonic solution hypotonic solution hypertonic solution
|
equal concentration of solute in and out of cell more concentration of solute inside cell then outside less concentration of solute inside cell then outside
|
|
osmosis |
movement of solvent usually water through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration
important for turgor (rigidity) in plants etc. |
|
turgor pressure |
movement of water into cell pushes cell membrane outwards does not burst in plant cells because of cell wall |
|
root apical meristem |
region of rapidly dividing cells |
|
blastodisc |
fertilized egg; multicellular embryonic stage |
|
eyespot |
orients plant cells toward light |
|
pyrenoid |
responsible for the synthesis of starch |
|
plasmolysis |
contraction of plant cell because of the movement of water from within the cell |
|
binary fission |
process of cell division in prokaryotic cells 1.circular membrane replicates 2.each circular membrane moves to opposite sides 3.invagination splits cell into two daughter cells |
|
cell division(Mitosis) |
interphase 1-3 1.G1, 2. S stage, 3.G2 stage 4.Mitosis 5. cytokinesis |
|
G1 stage of interphase |
organelles and proteins synthesized; membrane expands |
|
S stage |
DNA synthesizes each chromosome makes an exact copy to form duplicated chromosome each called sister chromatid |
|
G2 stage |
cell growth continues |
|
Mitosis prophase |
Centrosomes duplicate and move to opposite ends of the cell spindle fibers form duplicated chromosomes condense nuclear envelope disintegrates
|
|
mitosis prometaphase |
transition between prophase and metaphase |
|
mitosis metaphase |
duplicated chromosomes line up in the middle of the nucleus spindle apparatus forms spindle microtubules attach to centromeres of each duplicated chromosome
|
|
mitosis anaphase |
centromeres of each duplicated chromosome separated and each single chromosome is pulled by microtubules to each end of the nucleus |
|
mitosis telophase in animal cell |
single chromosomes arrive at poles and begin to decondense nuclear envelope begins to reform |
|
cytokinesis (1. plants) (2. animal) |
1. cell plate forms between two poles until it grows completely and separates the two plant daughter cells
2.cleavage furrow forms between two nuclei and grows until it separates the two daughter animal cells. |
|
homologous chromosome |
two single chromosomes with same gene size and shape |
|
diploid |
contains two identical sets of chromosomes |
|
haploid |
contains one identical set of a chromosome |
|
alternation of generation |
two distinct stages of life where it is haploid and another which is diploid |
|
gametophyte haploid stage |
produces gametes male and female through mitosis (antheridium male sperm) and (archegonium egg) |
|
sporophyte diploid stage sporangia |
production of spores in sparangia through meiosis |
|
sorus sporangium sporangial stalk spores |
made of sporangia (sporganium)
diploid cells which undergo meiosis to produce haploid sperm cells
extension from leaf from sorus
haploid cells produced from meiosis which then undergo mitosis to produce a multicellular gametophyte |
|
prothallus rhizoids |
fern gametophtye heart shaped plant root life structures of gametophyte |