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76 Cards in this Set
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Bryophyta |
mosses |
|
Hepaticophyta |
liverworts |
|
Antheroceratophyta |
hornworts |
|
nonvascular plants |
lack vascular system, 3 phyla: mosses , liverworts, hornworts |
|
seedless vascular plants |
ferns, whisk ferns, horsetails, lycopods |
|
gymnosperms |
conifers, cycads, ginkgo, gnetophytes |
|
angiosperms |
phyla : anthophyta = two classes: dicot and monocots |
|
seedless vascular plants |
disperse as haploid spores |
|
nonvascular plants |
disperse as haploid spores |
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gymnosperms |
naked seeds, not enclosed in a fruit |
|
Angiosperms |
seeds enclosed within a fruit derived from ovary |
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angio- |
vessel/container for |
|
-phore |
carrier of |
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-phyte |
plant |
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gameto- |
gamete producing |
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sporo- |
spore producing |
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antheridium |
male gametangium |
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archegonium |
female gametangium |
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rhizoids |
anchor plants but do not absorb nutrients |
|
Bryophtya |
mosses, lack true tissues, have rhizoids, free water needed for swimming -antheridium broad head -archegonium with narrow head |
|
moss sporangium |
has capsule, seta, foot |
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foot |
anchors the sporangium |
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seta |
erect stalk |
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capsule |
where the spores are produced |
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operculum |
lid-like that falls off |
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calyptra |
coat that falls off |
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peristome teeth |
controls the release of spores, open when air is dry and close when air is wet |
|
protonema |
early gametophyte of moss, branch-like |
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thallus |
flattened branching, not differeniated plant body |
|
hepaticophyta |
liverworts, thallus |
|
archegoniophores |
archegonia on underside |
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antheridiophores |
antheridia on upper side |
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gemmae |
a body that can separate to form a new organism, in liverworts |
|
gemmae cups |
are on thallus, cup-like structure |
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anthocerotophyta |
hornworts, growth is indeterminate |
|
diploid |
pairs of homologous chromosomes |
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heterosporous |
two different sizes and sexes of the plant that results with a seed |
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strobilus |
cones |
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seed |
great enhances survival and is a rugged dispersal package consists of: -embryo -food -seed coat |
|
embryo |
consists of future root, stem, leaves |
|
pollination droplet |
pulls pollen into pollen chamber |
|
monoecious |
separate male and female parts in different locations on the same plant |
|
Gymnosperms |
4 phyla: coniferophyta, Ginkgophyta, cycadophyta, gnetophyta |
|
coniferophyta |
pines, spruces, hemlocks, firs, larches.... |
|
pollen grain |
generative cell |
|
male pollen cone scales |
microsporophylls |
|
female seed cone scales |
megasporophylls |
|
phyla of seedless vascular plants |
lycophyta, pteridophyta |
|
lycophyta |
clubmoss or ground pine |
|
dichotomous branching |
the branches keep branching |
|
microphyll leaves |
leaves with single strand of vascular tissue |
|
homosporous |
all spores alike |
|
megaphyll leaves |
more than one leave vein |
|
pteridophyta |
ferns |
|
fronds |
are on ferns, the leaves |
|
sori |
fern sporangia are located on fronds in clusters |
|
false indusium |
rolled edge of a frond |
|
indusium |
cup-like or umbrella-like out growth of frond |
|
prothallus |
fern gametophyte |
|
fiddleheads |
grow in the beginning as rolled up |
|
unimorphic |
photosynthetic and fertile with sori, only one form |
|
dimorphic |
this consists of two forms: 1.fertile and non-photosynthetic 2.photosynthetic and sterile |
|
ferns can be epiphytes |
or grow off of other plants |
|
Pteridophyta |
two classes, psilotopsida and sphenotopsida |
|
class psilotopsida |
whisk ferns, degenerate ferns, dichotomously branched vascular stems |
|
enation |
no vascular leaves |
|
sphenopsida |
horsetails, whorled phyllotaxy |
|
Anthophyta |
angiosperms |
|
major advances of angiosperms |
1. flowers for effecient pollination 2. fruits for enhanced seed dispersal 3. triploid endosperm |
|
pollination |
transfer of pollen from anther to stigma |
|
seed dispersal |
ovary become a fruit that protects seeds and aids in dispersal |
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whorl of sepals |
calyx, usually green, leaf-like outermost part of flower bud` |
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stamen |
contains anther, that has pollen, and filament which is the stalk |
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carpel |
contains stigma, style, and ovary |
|
stigma |
pollen landing pad |
|
style |
hollow stalk to elevate stigma |