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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Why do a majority of women smoke?
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TO SUPPRESS THEIR APPETITE
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What are the top 3 cancer killers in men?
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LUNG 31%
PROSTATE 9% COLON RECTAL 9% |
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What are the top 3 cancer killers in women?
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LUNG 26%
BREAST 15% COLON 10% |
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Define benign and malignant.
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BENIGN- TYPICALLY DOESN'T SPREAD
MALIGNANT- CANCER CELLS SPREAD TO OTHER BODY PARTS |
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A light skinned female living in Kenya should take ---- during her pregnancy in order to build healthy bones
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FOLIC ACID
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A dark skinned person in Canada should be concerned about deficiency in ----.
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VITAMIN D
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What is the deadliest skin cancer?
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MELANOMA
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What is the first and second most frequent types of skin cancer?
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SQUAMOS CELL CARCINOMA
AND BASAL CELL CARCINOMA |
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If you have Melanoma, what are your chances of dying?
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75%
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What are the ABCD's of skin cancer?
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ASSYMETRICAL
BORDER COLOR DIAMETER |
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---- is the formation of cancer and ---- ---- allows cancer to spread.
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CARCINOGENESIS
PROTEINAISE ENZYME |
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Define carcinogen.
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CANCER CAUSING AGENT
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Define mutation.
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CHANGE IN THE DNA SEQUENCE
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Define mutagen.
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ANYTHING THAT IS GOING TO CAUSE MUTATION
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What percent of lung cancer is caused by smoking?
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87%
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What are the four stages of the formation of cancer?
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1) MUTATION
2) PROTO-ONCOGENE BECOMES ONCOGENE 3) SIGNALING PROTEIN MALFUNCTIONS 4) INAPPROPRIATE CELL GROWTH |
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What is a proto-oncogene?
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A TRIGGER OF CANCER, GENERALLY WHEN SPECIFIC MUTATIONS ALTER ITS STRUCTURE OR FUNCTION
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In program cell death, gene p53 cannot repair the damaged cell then --- occurs.
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APTOSIS
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How long after you first start smoking can symptoms of cancer being to occur?
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20-22 years
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What is the main site where lung cancer originates?
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PRIMARY BRONCHI
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What are the air sacs of the lungs called where gas exchange occurs?
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ALVEOLI
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List and define three types of traditional cancer therapies.
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RADIATION- CAUSES CACER TO CELLS TO MUTATE AND UNDERGO APTOSIS
CHEMO- DRUGS KILL CELLS BY DAMAGING THE DNA ANGIOSTAIN- STOPS ANGIOGENESIS |
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What is angiogenesis?
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RECRUITMENT OF BLOOD VESSELS BY A TUMOR
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What is the difference between an antibody and an antigen?
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ANTIGEN IS FOREIGN TO THE BODY, TRIGGERS, AN IMMUNE RESPONSE
ANTIBODY IS A DEFENSIVE PROTEIN THAT IDENTIFY AND ATTACK ANTIGENS |
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What types of cells are our body comprised of?
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EUKARYOTES
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What kinds of cells are bacteria?
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PROKARYOTES
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When a small change in the inluenza virus happens, a ---- --- -occurs.
When a large change in the --- --- occurs, a --- --- occurs. |
ANTIGENIC DRIFT
ANTIGENIC SHIFT |
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The influenza virus needs to be changed every year because of ----.
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ANTIGENIC DRIFT
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Why does the influenza virus cause a pandemic every 10 - 40 years?
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ANTIGENIC SHIFT
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The Hong Kong flu virus of 1968 was due to inluezna virus H3N2. This mutation was due to ----.
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ANTIGENIC SHIFT
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Which cells are associated with cell mediated immunity?
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T CELLS
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Which cell orchestrates the immune response?
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HELPER T CELLS
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Which cell brings about the end of the immune response?
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SUPRESSOR T CELLS
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Which gene of influezna is responsible for release out of the cell so it can infect others?
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NEURAMINIDAISE (N)
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Adhesion factors in influezna viruses take the form of ----
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SURFACE SPIKES
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Which gene of influenza provides the key to allow the virus in?
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HEMAGLITIN (H)
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Who is th creator of the smallpox vaccine?
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EDWARD JENNER
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Who discovered penicillin the the 1940s?
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ALEXANDER FLEMING
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What percent of antibiotics made in America go directly into farm animals?
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55%
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Sleeping less than ---- hours or more than ---- hours is associated with 1.7 times greater mortality and risk of death.
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6 1/2 HOURS
9 HOURS |
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What does MRSA stand for and what is a common cause of?
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Methicillin Resistant Staphyloccus Aureus
boils, Impetigo and abscesses |
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Which b cells secrete antibodies?
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PLASMA B CELLS
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What types of cells does AIDS attack?
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HELPER T CELLS
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--- engulfes and kills bacteria.
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PHAGOCYTES
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Plasma is comprised of ---% water.
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92%
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What shoud your white blood cell leukocytes be?
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4,000-11,000
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Neutrophils and phagocytes are primarily ----.
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BACTERIUM
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---- immunity provides long lasting protection against a diesease causing virus wheras ----- immunity is short lived.
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ACTIVE
PASSIVE |
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Which attack chemicals deals with bacterium and which one deals with viruses?
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BACTERIA- COMPLEMENT
VIRUS- INFERON (IFN) |
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What is released during an inflammation reaction?
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HISTAMINE
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What are the bodies first strike reactions against infection?
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MACROPHAGE, INFLAMMATION, FEVER
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What is the fire maker from within called?
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ENDOGENOUS PYROGEN - FEVER
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What is the vector that carries Lyme disease?
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NYMPH
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White blood cells that takes part in inflamatory response?
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NEUTROPHIL
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T and B cells.
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LYMPHOCYTE
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Immature macorphage
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MONOCYTE
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Destroys anitgen - antibody complexes
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EOSINOPHILS
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Releases histamine, promotes blood flow to injured tissue.
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BASOPHILS
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