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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Synthetic biology
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a field of science and technology that seeks to recreate biological functions synthetically, as well as design and construct novel functions based on biological principles
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molecular machine
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a collection of molecular components which work synergistically to carry out a particular function
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emergence
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new properties that emerge from collections of individual components
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deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
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a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms with the exception of some viruses
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proteins
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organic compounds made of amino acids arranged in a linear chain and folded into a globular form
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lipids
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hydrophobic or amphiphilic small molecule
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nanometer (nm)
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one billionth of a meter
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protein folding
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the physical process by which polypeptide folds into its characteristic and functional three-dimensional structure from a random coil
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biological membrane
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a lamellar sheet in a biological system containing amphiphilic lipids and forming a hydrophobic barrier, for instance around cell or organelles
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flagellar motor
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a molecular motor in certain cells that functions in locomotion by actively rotating a flagellum
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Brownian motion
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thermally-driven movement at the molecular level caused by bombardment from neighboring atoms and molecules
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kinesin
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a protein that has the function of transporting materials to various locations inside a cell, similar to how a train transports cargo
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biomaterials
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materials existing in biological systems, or generated synthetically in order to interact with biological systems
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DNA nanotechnology
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a branch of nanotechnology which used the unique molecular recognition properties of DNA and other nucleic acids to create designed, controllable structures out of DNA
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central dogma of molecular biology
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the idea that genetic information flows from DNA sequence, to the RNA, to the protein sequence
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polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
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a scientific technique in molecular biology to amplify a single or a few copies of a piece of DNA across several orders of magnitude, generating thousands to millions of copies of a particular DNA sequence
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fluorescent proteins
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proteins that are fluorescent, or absorb and emit light at different wavelengths or colors
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genome
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the entirety of an organism's hereditary information
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nanotechnology
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the application of nano science in order to control processes on the nanometer scale (between 1-100 nm)
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Moore's law
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a trend in the history of computer hardware manufacturing where the number of transistors per unit area double every 18 months
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nano materials
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materials that are structured at the nanometer scale, which often results in new material properties that differ from the bulk properties
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antibiotics
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substances or compounds that kill bacteria or inhibit their growth
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DNA sequencing
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methods for determining the order or sequence of the nucleotide bases in a molecule of DNA (A,T,C, and G)
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tissue engineering
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"an interdisciplinary field that applies the principles of engineering and life sciences toward the development of biological substitutes that restore, maintain, or improve tissue function or a whole organ"
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pharmaceutical drug
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any chemical substance intended for use in the medical diagnosis, cure, treatment, or prevention of disease
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artificial intelligence
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the intelligence of machines and the branch of computer science that aims to create it
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ethics
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a branch of philosophy that addresses questions about morality- that is, concepts such as good and evil, right and wrong, virtue and vice, justice etc.
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sustainability
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the capacity to endure. in ecology, the word describes how biological systems remain diverse and productive over time
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