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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What did Carlsson aim to investigate? |
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What was the procedure? |
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What research methods did the studies use? |
He referred to a lot of studies that use brain scanning methods such as PET and SPECT scans. Several other studies used animals. Carlsson reviewed secondary data and didn't collect any primary data. |
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What were the main findings? |
Glutamate seems to regulate the behaviour of dopamine, acting as either an accelerator or a brake. Miller and Abercrombie found that if glutamate activity is reduced, dopamine release is increased. |
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What areas of the brain correlate with positive and negative symptoms? |
Low levels of glutamate in the cerebral cortex correlate with negative symptoms and low levels in the striatum correlate with positive symptoms. |
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Where did Carlsson state future research should be aimed at? |
Future research should focus on new drugs that lower dopamine levels, as well as ones to raise glutamate levels. |
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What did Carlsson conclude? |
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How is the study generalisable? |
Several of the studies used were animal experiments, which show ambiguous results and lack generalisability to humans. The research may be time-locked and no longer generalisable to today's society as scientific knowledge has advanced since 1999 |
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How is the study reliable? |
Sendt et al recently published a review confirming Carlsson's claims that glutamate is involved in schizophrenia, highlighting his results to be consistent. All of the data was from laboratory experiments, however, Carlsson cannot be sure of the extent to which the researchers used standardised procedures. |
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How can the review be applied to society? |
Carlsson concluded that new drugs should be researched, targeting dopamine, glutamate and other neurotransmitters. This means individuals with schizophrenia have been able to benefit from the production of new drugs targeting these neurotransmitters. |
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How is the review valid? |
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Ethics
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No ethical issues as he didn't conduct any primary data, so he didn't induce any harm through drug trials or animal experiments, however, the data he reviewed may have harmed animals or participants in drug trials. |