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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Cell Theory
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- All living organisms are made up of cells
- All cells arise from pre-existing cells - Cells are the smallest living organisational unit - All cells are similar but not identical |
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Prokaryotic cells
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- Kingdoms: Archaea & Monera
- Extremely small, - Simple internal structure and - No membrance bound organelles (including nucleus) |
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Eukaryotic cells
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- Kingdoms: Plantae, Animalia, Prostista & Fungi
- Single celled & all multicellular organisms, - Complex internal structure - Many membrane bound organelles |
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Cell Membrane
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Description: Composed of lipid molecules (also called the phospholipid bilayer)
Function: Encloses all cell contents, regulates the movement of materil into and out of the cell. Communication with neighbouring cells. Animal: YES Plant: YES Prokaryotic Cells: YES |
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Nucleus
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Description: Surrounded by doulbe membrane. Very large, contains chromosomes and nucleolus.
Function: Contains most of the genetice material in a cell and is where DNA is replicated Animal: YES Plant: YES Prokaryotic Cells: NO |
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Nucleolus
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Descripton: Made of protein & nucleic acid
Function: Site of manufacture of ribosomal RNA Animal: YES Plant: YES Prokaryotic Cells: NO |
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Nuclear Membrane
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Description: A double membrane, containing many pores
Function: Regulates the movement of material between the cytoplasm and nucleus. Animal: YES Plant:YES Prokayotic Cells: NO |
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Mitochondria
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Description: Sacs made up of two membranes
Function: Site of aerobic respiration, they are responsible for most of the cells energy production Animal: YES Plant: YES Prokaryotic Cells: NO |
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Ribosomes
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Description: composed of RNA and protein
Function: Site of protein synthesis Animal: YES Plant: YES Prokaryotic Cells: YES |
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Golgi Apparatus
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Description: Stacks of flattened membrane sacs
Function: Packages proteins into vesicles for secretion from the cell or to be sent to other organelles |
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Endoplasmic Reticulum
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Description: Thin membrane sheets dividing to cytoplasm into compartmets & channels. Rough ER is studded with ribosomes
Function (Rough): Ribosomes produce the protein and allows substances to move around the cell. If there is too much the ER can pinch off into vesicles. Function (Smooth): Transport proteins, synthesis lipids, and to assist in the manufacture of plasma membrane. Animal: YES Plant: YES Prokayotic Cells: NO |
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Lysosomes
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Description: A membrane sac containing many digestive enzymes
Function: They contain enzymes that digest worn out organelles, viruses or bacteria. it is like the cells immune system Animal: YES Plant: YES Prokaryotic Cells: NO |
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Vacuole
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Description: A membrane bound sac containing fluid, sugar and ions
Function: Stores sugars, minerals, proteins and water Animal: YES Plant: YES Prokayotic Cells: NO |
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Chloroplasts
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Description: Contains stacks of membrane embedded in less dense membrane fluid. (Also contains chlorophyll)
Function: Site of photosynthesis Animal: NO Plant: YES (not all but it is common) Prokaryotic Cells: NO |
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Flagella or Cilia
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Description: Modes of transport for single celled organisms
Function: Provide the means of movement of the cell or of the fluid surrounding it Animal: YES (some) Plant: YES (some) Prokaryotic Cells: YES (some) |
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Cell Wall
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Description: A layer of cellulose (in plants). Completely surrounds the cell membrane
Function: Provides structural support and defines the shape of cells |
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Cellular Respiration
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Description: Cellular respiration is a series of chemical reactions that involve a reaction between glucose and oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water and heat energy:
Glucsoe + Oxygen --> Carbon Dioxide + Water + Heat Energy |
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ATP
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Description: ATP is an energy storage molecule that is used by the cell to power cellular processes.
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Photosynthesis
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Description: The chemical reaction using energy from the sun to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen:
Carbon Dioxide + Water --> Glucose + Oxygen NOTE: The transition from carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen canot occur without the presence of the sun and cholophyll. Also note that photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplast |