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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
between the blood in the capillaries and the air in the alveolus, there is a barrier less tahn 1 micron thick called
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Respiratory membrane
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The upper respiratory tract is composed of which repriratory structures
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Nose
Pharynx larynx |
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The lower respiratory tracts is composed of which repriratory structures
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Trachea
Bronchial tree (all segments) Lungs |
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The four paranasal sinuses
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Frontal
Maxillary Sphenoidal Ethmoidal |
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Three shelflike structures that protrude into the nasal cavity on each side
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Conchae or turbinates
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The throat
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Pharynx
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How long is the Pharynx
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12.5cm (5")
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Three divisions of the Pharynx
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Nasopharynx
Oropharynx Laryngopharynx |
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Upper portion of Pharynx just behind the nasal cavities
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Nasopharynx
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Portion of the pharynx behind the mouth is called
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Oropharynx
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The lastor lowest segment of the pharynx
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Laryngopharynx
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where the right and left auditory, or eustachian tubes open into
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Nasopharynx
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Masses of lymphatic tissue embedded in the mucous membrane of the pharynx
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tonsils
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tonsils located in the oropharynx
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palatine tonsils
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tonsils located in the Nasopharynx
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Pharyngeal tonsils
also called adenoids |
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The voice box
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Larynx
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Largest piece of catilage composing the Larynx
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Thyroid cartilage or adams apple
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The space between the vocal cords
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Glottis
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A piece of catilage that partially covers the opeining of the larynx
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epiglottis
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soar throat
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Pharyngitis
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A condition most often caused by absence or inpairment of the surfactant in the fluid that lines the alveoli
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RDS Respiratory distress syndrome
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reduces the surface tension of the fluid on the free surface of the alveolar walls and permits easy movement of air into and out of the lungs
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Surfactant
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inflammation of the parietal pleura, characterized by difficulty in breathing and tabbing pain
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Pleurisy
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Incomplete expansion or collapse of the lung for any reason
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Actelectasis
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Exchange of gases between a living organism and its environment
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Respiration
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Process that moves air into and out of the lungs
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Pulmonary ventilation or breathing
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Exchange of gases between air in the lungs and in the blood
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External respiration
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Exchange of gases occuring between the blood and the cells of the body
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Internal respiration
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Moves air into the lungs
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Inspiration, or inhalation
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Moves air out of the lungs
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expiration
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Inspiratory muscles
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Diaphragm
external intercostals |
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Expiratory muscles
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Internal intercostals
abdominal muscles |
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The exchange of gases that occur between blood in tissue capillaries and the body cells is called
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Internal respiration.
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normal amount of air inhaled and exhaled under normal conditions
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Tidal volume. 500 Ml.
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Air that remains in the respiratory tract after a forceful expiration is called
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Residual volume 1200ml
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The largest volume of air that can be moved in and out during ventilation is called
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Vital capacity 4500-5000ml
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This is the amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled after expiring the tidal volume
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Expiratory reserve volume
ERV 1000ml |
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The amount of air that can be forcibly inspired over and above a normal inspiration
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Inspiratory reserve volume
IRV 3300ml |
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refers to a normal repiratory rate
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Eupnea
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rapid breathing
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Hyperventilation
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describes slow and shallow breathing
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Hypoventilation
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Refers to labored or difficult breathing and is often associated with hyupoventilation
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Dyspnea
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Dyspnea that is relieved by moving into an upright or sitting position
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Orrhopnea
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If breathing stops completely for a brief period regardless of cause, is is called
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Apnea
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Falure to resume breathing after a period of apnea
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respiratory arrest
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A series of cycles of alternating apnea and hyperventilation
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Cheyne-Stokes respiration
CSR |
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Breathing patter that can occur in critical diseases such as CHF, brain injuries, or brain tumors
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Cheyne-Stokes
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common condition characterized by acute inflammation of the bronchi, most commonly caused by infection.
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Bronchitis
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Often starts with a nonproductive cough that progresses to a deep cough that produces sputum
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Bronchitis
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An acute inflammation of the lungs in which the alveoli and bronchi become plugged with thick fluid(exudate)
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Pneumonia
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characteristics of pneumonia
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high fever
severe chills headache cough chestpain |
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majority of pneumonia cases result from infection by
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Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria
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Type of pneumonia which typically affects an entire lobe of the lung
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Lobar pneumonia
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Type of pneumonia in which patches of infection are scatered along porions of the bronchial tree
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bronchopneumonia
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lung infections caused by inhalation of vomit or other infective material
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aspiration pneumonia
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Types of pulmonary disorder
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Restrictive and Obstructive
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Disorder that inhibit inspiration, reduce pulmonary volumes and capacities such as inspiratory reserve volume and vital capacity
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Restrivtive pulmonary disorders
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Broad term used to describe conditions of progressive irreversible obstruction of expiratory air flow
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COPD
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease |
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Pt's with this have chronic difficulties with breathing, mainly emptying their lungs, and have visibly hyperinflated chests
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COPD
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Pulmonary disorder that involve restriction (reduced stretch) of the alveoli
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Restrictive Pulmonary disorder
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percentage of CO2 traveling veinously as dissolved carbon dioxide
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10%
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percentage of CO2 traveling veinously as carbaminohemoglobin
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20%
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percentage of CO2 traveling veinously as Bicarbonate ions
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70%
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chronic inflammation of the bronchi and bronchioles characterized by edema and excessive mucus production, which block air passages
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Chronic bronchitis
Obstructive |
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As air becomes trapped within alveoli and causes them to enlarge, their walls rupture and then fuse into large irregular spaces
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Emphysema
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Obstructive disorder characterized by recurring spasms of the smooth muscle in the walls of the bronchial air passages
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Asthma
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Characterized by muscle contractions that narrow the airways, making breathing difficult as well as inflammation (edema and excessive mucus production)
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Asthma
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