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199 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
adip/o |
fat |
|
kip/o |
fat |
|
steat/o |
fat |
|
cutane/o |
skin |
|
dermat/o |
skin |
|
derm/o |
skin |
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Alopecia |
(Baldness - common name) partial or complete loss of hair resulting from normal aging, an endocrine disorder, a drug reaction, anticancer medication, or a skin disease |
|
ecchymosis |
(Bruise - common name) skin discoloration consisting of a large, irregularly formed hemorrhagic area with colors changing from blue-black to greenish brown or yellow |
|
eschar |
damaged tissue following a severe burn |
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pallor |
unnatural paleness or absence of color in the skin |
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petechia |
minute, pinpoint hemorrhage under the skin |
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peptic ulcer |
(decubitus ulcer - also known as) sore in the lining of the stomach or your duodenum, burning stomach pain is the most common symptom |
|
purpura |
any several bleeding disorders characterized by hemorrhage into the tissues, particularly beneath the skin or mucus membranes, producing eecymoses or petechiae |
|
bilirubin |
orange-colored or yellowish pigment in bile |
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bolus |
food becomes when chewed, so you may swallow the intake |
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sphincter |
circular band of muscle fibers that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening of the body |
|
or/o |
stomach |
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stomat/o |
stomach |
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tongue - gloss/o; lingu/o |
assist in chewing via moving food into a bolus and toward the back of the mouth for swallowing (phagia) |
|
trachea - windpipe - trache/o |
leads to the lungs |
|
bucc/o |
cheek |
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cheil/o |
lip |
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labi/o |
lip |
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teeth - dent/o; odont/o |
initial stage of digestion via mechanical breakdown (mastication) |
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gingiv/o |
gums |
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enter/o |
intestines |
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col/o |
colon |
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rect/o |
rectum |
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proct/o |
anus, rectum |
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an/o |
anus |
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hepat/o |
kidney |
|
bil/o, chol/e |
bile, gall |
|
cholecyst/o |
gallbladder |
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choledoch/o |
common bile duct |
|
emesis |
vomit |
|
iasis |
abnormal condition |
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pepsia |
digestion |
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diarrhea |
common condition that involves unusually frequent and liquid bowel movements |
|
fecal impaction |
a large lump of dry, hard stool that remains stuck in the rectum. It is most often seen in patients with long-term constipation |
|
pharynx |
passageway to the Respiratory and GI tracts and provides for speech sounds |
|
larynx |
(the voice box) hollow muscular organ forming an air passage to the lungs and holding the vocal cords in humans and other mammals |
|
epiglottis |
folds back to cover the trachea during swallowing. Other times it remains open for air to pass to the respiratory system |
|
mastication |
Mechanically breaking down food chewing |
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chyme |
semi-liquid food |
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pepsin |
the chief digestive enzyme in the stomach, which breaks down proteins into polypeptides |
|
rugae |
folds, that unfold as stomach fills. Here digestive glands produce hydrochloric acid to turn food into Chyme |
|
pyloric sphincter |
sphincter muscle of the pylorus that seperates the stomach from the duodenum |
|
gingivostomatitis |
inflammation of the gums and of the mouth |
|
jaundice |
medical condition with yellowing of the skin or whites of the eyes, arising from excess of the pigments bilirubin and typically caused by obstruction of the bile duct, by liver disease, or by excessive breakdown of red blood cells |
|
bile |
bitter greenish-brown alkaline fluid that aids digestion and is secreted by the liver and stored in the gallbladder |
|
icteric/icteris |
of, relating to, or affected with jaundice |
|
anti |
against |
|
circum |
around |
|
contra |
against, opposite |
|
epi |
above, upon |
|
hyper |
above, normal, excessive |
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hypo |
below normal, decrease, deficient |
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peri |
around |
|
sub |
under, below |
|
trans |
across, through |
|
an, a |
without, not |
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dys |
bad |
|
eu |
good, normal |
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brady |
slow |
|
tachy |
rapid |
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phage |
swallowing, eating |
|
ab |
from, away from |
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ad |
toward |
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retro |
backward, behind |
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hemi |
half |
|
poly |
many, much |
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macro |
large |
|
scopy |
visual eamination |
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tomy |
incision |
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stomy |
forming an opening (mouth) |
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ectomy |
excision, removal |
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megaly |
enlargement |
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malacia |
softening |
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absorption |
the process whereby a drug moves from the muscle, digestive tract, or other site of entry into the body toward the circulatory system |
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flatus |
gas in the GI tract, expelling of air from a body orifice, especially the anus |
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flatulence |
excess gas in the intestinal tract |
|
BM |
bowl movement |
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defecate |
discharge feces from the body |
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hemocult |
trade name of a modified guaiac test |
|
itis |
inflammation |
|
osis |
abnormal condition; increase |
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sialaden/o |
salivary glands |
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nausea |
the feeling of having an urge to vomit. It is often called being sick to your stomach. |
|
rrhea |
discharge, flow |
|
rrhaphy |
suture |
|
pexy |
fixation (of an organ) |
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BE |
barium enema |
|
BMI |
body mass index |
|
GB |
gallbladder |
|
GERD |
gastroesophageal reflux |
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NG |
nasogatric |
|
PE |
physical examination; pulmonary embolism |
|
a.c. |
before meals |
|
p.c. |
after meals |
|
b.i.d. |
twice a day |
|
hs |
half strength |
|
h.s. |
at bedtime |
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NPO |
nothing by mouth |
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p.o. |
by mouth |
|
p.r.n. |
as needed |
|
stat |
immediately |
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R/O |
rule out |
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qAM |
once in the morning |
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q.d |
once a day |
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q.h. |
once an hour |
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q.2hr |
once every 2 hours |
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q.i.d. |
four times a day |
|
q.o.d. |
every other day |
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t.i.d. |
three times a day |
|
anorexia |
lack of/ loss of apetite, resulting in the inability to eat |
|
ascites |
abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity, most commonly as a result of chronic liver disease |
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cirrhosis |
scarring and dysfunction of the liver caused by chronic liver disease |
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deglutition |
act or process of swallowing |
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dyspepsia |
after eating symptoms of: abdominal pain, bloating, early satiety, nausea or belching |
|
dysphagia |
difficult or painful swallowing |
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eructation |
(belching) producing gas from the stomach, usually with a characteristic sound |
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fecalith |
fecal concretion |
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flatus |
gas in the GI tract; expelling of air from a body orifice, especially the anus |
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gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) |
backflow of gastric contents into the esophagus due to a malfunction of the sphincter muscle at the inferior portion of the esophagus |
|
halitosis |
offensive, or "bad" breath |
|
hematemesis |
vomiting of blood from bleeding in the stomach or esophagus |
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irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) |
(a.k.a. Spastic Colon) symptom complex marked by abdominal pain and altered bowel function (typically constipation, diarrhea, or alternating constipation and diarrhea) |
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obstipation |
severe constipation; may be caused by an intestinal obstruction |
|
peristalsis (a.k.a. Vermicular Movement) |
-coordinated, rhythmic movement. Muscle contractions
-wavelike muscular contractions of the intestine or other tubular structure that propel the contents onward by alternate contraction and relaxation |
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stool guiac |
(Hemoccult - trade name of a modified guaiac test) applying a substance called guaiac to a stool sample to detect presence of occult (hidden) blood in the feces |
|
nasogastric intubation "NG" |
procedure that involves insertion of a nasogastric tube through the nose into the stomach to relieve gastric distention by removing gas, food, or gastric secretions; to instill medication, food, or fluids; to obtain a specimen for laboratory analysis |
|
anastomosis |
surgical joining of two ducts, vessels, or bowel segments to allow flow from one to another |
|
lithotripsy |
procedure for crushing a stone and eliminating its fragments wither surgically or using ultrasonic shock waves |
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antacid |
counteract or neautralize acidity, usually in the stomach |
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antidiarrhetic |
control loose stools and relieve diarrhea by absorbing excess water in the bowel or slowing peristalsis in the intestinal tract |
|
antiemetic |
control nausea and vomiting by blocking nerve impulses to the vomiting center of the brain |
|
laxative |
products that promote bowel movemetns |
|
esophagus - esophagi/o |
leads to the stomach |
|
pylorus - pylor/o |
most digestion takes place here |
|
jejunum |
second part of small intestine (approx. 8 feet long) |
|
hernia |
protrusion of any organ, tissue, or structure through the wall of the cavity in which it is naturally contained |
|
hemorrhoidectomy |
surgical removal of hemorrhoids |
|
colostomy |
creation of an opening of a portion of the colon through the abdominal wall to its outside surface in order to divert fecal flow to a colostomy bag |
|
polypectomy |
excision of a polyp |
|
barium enema |
(lower GI series) radiographic examination of the rectum and colon following enema administration of barium sulfate (contrast medium) into the rectum |
|
barium swallow |
(esophagram and upper GI series) radiographic examination of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine following oral administration of barium sulfate (contrast medium) |
|
emetic |
causing vomiting |
|
cathartic |
an agent for purging the bowels |
|
digestant |
a substance (as an enzyme) that digests or aids in digestion |
|
pressure ulcer |
an area of skin that breaks down when something keeps rubbing or pressing against the skin |
|
cachexia |
physical wasting that includes loss of weight and muscle mass; commonly associated with AIDS & Cancer |
|
pancreat/o |
pancrease |
|
hyperalimentation |
the administration of nutrients by intravenous feeding, especially to individuals unable to take in food through the alimentary tract |
|
uvul/o |
uvula |
|
palat/o |
palate |
|
lower esophageal cardiac sphincter |
constricts once food passes to prevent regurgitation |
|
stomach body |
large portion, with fundus |
|
fundus |
upper portion of stomach, mainly storage |
|
duoden/o |
duodenum |
|
jejun/o |
jejunum |
|
ile/o |
ileum |
|
plica |
a fold or ridge, as of skin or membrane |
|
villi |
tiny, finger-like projections that enable the small intestine to absorb nutrients from food |
|
cecum - cec/o |
ileocecal sphinter and vermiform appendix |
|
ileocecal sphincter |
allows undigested/unabsorbed material from the sm. intestine to pass into the lg. intestine and excreted from the body |
|
sigmoid/o |
sigmoid colon |
|
bile composed of..... |
bilirubin and cholesterol |
|
liver functions |
-produce bile -removing glucose -stores B12, A, D, E,K -destroy toxins -maintains N glucose levels in blood -destroy old erythrocytes and releases bilirubin -produces varying blood proteins i.e. prothrombin fibrinogen = blood clotting |
|
endocrine |
secretes insulin directly to blood stream |
|
exocrine functions: |
-carbohydrates - amylase breaks down carbs
-proteins - digestive enzyems trypsin breaks down proteins
-lipids - lipase breaks down fats |
|
enzyme types |
-lipase -protease -amylase |
|
hiccups |
sudden, involuntary contractions of the diaphragm muscle. As the muscle contracts repeatedly, the opening between the vocal cords snaps shut to check the inflow of air and make a sound. Irritation of the nerves that extend from the neck to the chest can cause these |
|
esophageal atresia |
birth defect in which part of esophagus is not hollow |
|
atresia |
absence of a normal opening or failure of a structure to be tubular |
|
stomatitis |
inflammation of the mouth |
|
cheilitis |
chapped lips |
|
cheilosis |
painful inflammation and cracking of the corners of the mouth |
|
leukoplakia |
a precancerous sore (lesion) that develops on the tongue or the inside of the cheek in response to chronic irritation |
|
periodontitis |
inflammation around the tooth, gums pull away to form pockets |
|
pyorrhea |
purulent inflammation of the gums and tooth sockets often leading to loosening of the teeth. A discharge of pus |
|
herpetic stomatitis |
a viral infection of the mouth that causes ulcers and inflammation. (not the same as canker sores) |
|
achalasia |
disorder of the tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach (esophagus), which affects the ability of the esophagus to move food toward the stomach |
|
peritonitis |
inflammation (irritation) of the peritoneum, the thin tissue that lines the inner wall of the abdomen and covers most of the abdominal organs |
|
anal fissure |
small tear or cut int he skin that lines the anus. typically cause pain and often bleed |
|
anorectal abscess |
collection of pus int he area of the anus and rectum |
|
Crohn disease |
causes inflammation of the digestive system. An inflammatory bowel disease. Can affect any area from the mouth to the anus. Often affects the lower part of the small intestine (ileum) |
|
fistula |
abnormal connection between two parts inside of the body |
|
ileus (paralytic ileus) |
temporary absence of the normal contractile movements of the intestinal wall. Like and obstruction of the intestines, prevents the passage of intestinal contents. Unlike a mechanical obstruction, though, rarely leads to rupture |
|
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) |
name of a group of disorders in which the intestines (sm. and lg or bowels) become inflamed (red and swollen) |
|
colorectal polyp |
growth that sticks out of the lining of the colon or rectun |
|
ulderative colitis |
a disease that causes ulcers in the lining of the rectum and colon |
|
cholangitis |
an infection of the common bile duct, the tube that carries bile from the liver to the gallbladder and intestines. Bile is a chemical made by the liver that helps digest food |
|
choledocholithiasis |
the presence of a gallstone int eh common bile duct. The stone may consist of bile pigments or calcium and cholesterol salts |
|
incarcerated hernia |
a hernia so occluded that it cannot be returned by manipulation; it may or may not be strangulated |
|
strangulated hernis |
so tightly constricted as to compromise the blood supply of the hernial sac, leading to gangrene of the sac and its contents |
|
fluoroscopy |
type of medical imaging that shows a continuous x-ray image on a monitor, much like an x-ray movie |
|
lysis of adhesions |
process of cutting scar tissue within the body. This is done to restore normal function and reduce pain |
|
paracentesis |
procedure to take out fluid that has collected int eh belly (peritoneal fluid) |
|
pylorotomy |
incision of the pylorus |