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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Growth Of Microbial Populations |
•Bacterial Cells divide by using binary fission •Logarithmic growth |
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Generation time |
Time takes for bacteria to grow & undergo binary fission |
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Lag phase |
•Bacteria Adjust to the growth conditions •Produce Necessary components for binary fission |
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Log Phase |
•Binary Fission occurs •Population Growth is logarithmic |
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Stationary phase |
•Depletion Of nutrients or accumulation of by products will limit the exponential growth •When the growth & death rates are equal |
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Death phase |
Death Rates surpasses growth rates |
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Counting chamber |
•Slide With a well & grid over the well •# of cells in a single square can be counted •# of cells on the whole slide can be calculated |
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Methods Of Cell Quantification |
•Preparing A culture and counting the Colony Forming Units •Must Be sufficiently diluted |
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Coulter counter |
•Determine Cell count and cell volume •Cells Are drawn through a gap in the counter 1 at a time •Cells passing through the gap interfere with the current |
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Coulter counter: Electrodes are located within the gap? |
A current is passed between the electrodes |
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Flow Cytometry |
•Similar Concept to Coulter counter •Uses A beam of laser |
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Serial Dilution |
•Made with progressively diluted samples •Sample is grown on a medium •# of colonies on each plate is counted •# of cells in the original sample can be calculated by # of colonies X the # of dilutions |
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Chromatin |
•DNA wrap around histones to form nucleosomes •Unwrapped of chromosomes |
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Chromosomes |
•DNA is associated with various proteins •Further coiling upon itself forms achromosome |
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Genes |
A molecular unit of heredity |
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Genomes |
Encodes function products (proteins orRNA) |
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Prokaryotic Chromosomes |
•A circular chromosome •Doublestranded DNA •1 copy of each gene (haploid) |
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Prokaryotic Chromosomes: Non-essential genes in extrachromosomal genetic material? |
Plasmids |
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Plasmids |
•Small Circular DNA that replicate independently of the chromosome •Contain Information for its own replication •Non-essential to normal functions of the cell, but confer certain advantages to the organism •Genes direct the organism in transferring genetic material with another |
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Can be categorized in several ways & conjugative/non-conjugative? |
Plasmids |
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Fertility (F) Plasmids |
Genes for conjugation |
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Resistance(R) Plasmids |
Genes provide resistance to antibiotic or toxins |
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Col Plasmids |
Genes for bacteriocins (proteins that can kill other bacteria) |
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Degradative Plasmids |
Genes for the digestion of various substances |
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Virulence Plasmids |
Turn non pathogenic bacteria into a pathogen |
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Eukaryotic Chromosomes |
•More than 1 chromosomes & linear •More than 1copy of each gene •Mostanimal cells are diploid •Plantand Fungi cells can be polyploid |
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DNA Structures and Function: 5 C Sugar of Nucleotides? |
•DNA – deoxyribose •RNA – ribose •Polymers of Nucleotides |
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DNA Structures and Function: Nitrogenous Base? |
•Purines – Adenine and Guanine •Pyrimidines – Cytosine, Thymine |
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DNA Structures and Function: Encode genetic information? |
•Sequence of bases indicate AA •Two strands in helix •Complementary base pairing –A-T –G-C |
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DNA Unwind |
•Detach from histones
•DNA helicase separates the two DNA strands as it moves forward creating a replication fork |
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DNA polymerase attaches? |
•Origin of replication •DNA polymerase moves along the DNA template & incorporate complementary bases to the template •Complementary base pairing allow 1 strand of DNA to serve as template |
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DNA Replication |
•Occurs simultaneously at multiple origins of replication and on both strands •Always 5′ to 3′30184 |
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DNA Replication: Leading Strand |
DNA replicate continuously following thereplication fork |
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DNA Replication: Lagging Strand |
DNA must replicate in a fragmented fashion |
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Replicated Fragments of DNA replication is called? |
•Okazaki fragments •DNA fragments are joined together by DNAligase |
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Semi Conservative |
DNA replication results in one new strandand one old strand |
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DNA polymerase has a built in mechanism to? |
Correct mistakes |