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26 Cards in this Set
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- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Health compramising behaviours |
Tied to peer culture Are pleasurable, look cool Develop gradually Become common in lower SES Substance abuse of all kinds predicted by same factors |
Peer pressure, lower SES, substance abuse prediction, gradual |
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Physical dependence |
Body adjusts to substance and incorporates use into normal function if tissues |
Normal function of tissues |
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Tolerance |
Larger doses needed to produce same effects |
Doses |
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Craving |
Conditioning process involved so environmental cues trigger intense desire |
Conditioning |
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Addiction |
Physical or psychological dependence on substance following use over period of time |
Physical and psychological |
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Withdrawal |
Unpleasant symptoms (physical and psychological) experienced when (dependent) substance use halted |
Symptoms |
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Alcoholism and Problem Drinking |
3rd leading cause of preventable death Linked to high blood pressure, stroke, cirrhosis of liver, fetal alcohol syndrome, some cancers 41% traffic related deaths linked to alcohol Many drinkers keep problem hidden |
Cause of death, disease |
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Alcoholism |
Physical addiction to alcohol Withdrawal symptoms when abstaining High tolerance for alcohol Little ability to control drinking |
4 characteristics |
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Problem Drinking |
Not all symptoms of alcoholism Do have substantial social, psychological, medical problems from alcohol |
Not all symptoms, but still problem |
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Origins of alcoholism and PD |
Genetic Gender Physiological Behavioural Sociocultural |
GGPBS |
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Drinking and Stress |
Drinking buffers stress Reduces negative emotions Lowers anxiety BUT can get to a point where negative thoughts may be amplified |
Less stress or amplifies thoughts |
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Social origins of drinking |
Two windows of vulnerability 1. Dependence starting between 12 and 21 2. Late middle age Depression and alcoholism may be linkex |
2 windows of vulnerability |
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Treatment of alcohol abuse |
10-20% stop on their own 32% stop with minimal help Some use cognitive-behavioral modification Recovery prospects dim without employment or social support |
Degrees of help |
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Alcohol abuse treatment programs |
Self help groups (ex. AA) Inpatient/outpatient programs -detox -short term, inpatient therapy -continuing outpatient treatment
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Self help and institutions |
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Evaluation of treatment programs for alcohol abuse |
Success involved environmental factors, outpatient services, social support Minimal interventions: -can make dent in problem -social engineering (banning alcohol, legal age, penalizing DUI) |
Success depends on... and Minimal interventions |
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Recovered Acoholics drinking again |
AA philosophy: an alcoholic is an alcoholic for life Drinking in moderation possible for -young, employed PDers -had not been drinking for long -live in supportive environment |
AA philosophy; possible in moderation for... |
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Preventative approaches to alcohol abuse |
Appealing to adolescents to avoid drinking Social engineering programs |
Adolescents, social engineering |
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Drinking and driving prevention |
1. Pressure gov for stricter control 2. Friends intervening 3. Stiffer penalties 4. Designated drivers |
4 methods |
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Alcohol consumption as health behaviour |
Modest intake (1-2 drinks/day) may add to long life -coronary heart disease reduced -HDL increase -fewer strokes In younger adults may enhance risks due to injury |
Moderate drinking in adults and younger adults |
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History of smoking |
Was considered sophisticated and manly 19th and 20th century: men depicted smoking regularly 21st century ads based on image 1965: 61% male adults smoking |
Sophisticated and manly |
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History of public health and smoking |
Not until 60s was smoking deemed potentially dangerous or cancerous |
60s |
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Smoking statistics |
Single greatest cause of preventable death Leading cause of premature death in CA -increase disease and disorder risk -smokers less health conscieous -second hand smoke -lower cognitive function in adolescents 45k deaths a year in CA 30% of all cancer deaths |
Greatest cause of preventablr, premature death |
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Why do people smoke? |
Genetics (running family) In adolescents: -peer and family influences -self identity -nictotine addiction |
Genetics and in adolescents |
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Synergistic effect of smoking |
Enhances impact of other risk factors -smoking and stress interact -weight and smoking interact -less physical activity -potential cause of depression (esp. in youth) -related in increase anxiety |
Enhances other risk factors |
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Interventions to reduce smoking |
Changing atittudes Therapeutic approach -nitotine replacement -multimodal intervention -interventions with adolescents -maintainence -relapse prevention |
Attitudes and therapy |
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Social engineering and smoking |
-liability litigation (transparency of health risks) -regulation of access by Food and Drug Admin -heavy tax -restrict smoking areas -inform on second hand smoke |
Regulation, transparency, information |