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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Politics
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The struggle over power or influence within organizations or informal groups that can grant or withhold benifits or privileges.
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Institution
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An ongoing organization that performs certain functions for society.
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Government
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The institution in which decisons are made that reslove conflicts or allocate benefits and privileges.It is unique because it as the ultimate authority within society.
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Order
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A state of peace and security.Maintaining order by protecting members of society from violence and criminal activity is the oldest purpose of government.
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Liberty
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The greatest freedom of individual that is consistent with the freedom of other individuals in the society.
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Authority
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The right and power of a government or other entity to enforce its decisions and compel obedience.
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Legitimacy
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Popular acceptance of the right and power of a government or other entity to exercise authority.
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Totalitarian Regime
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A form of government that controls all aspects of te political and social life
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Authoritarianism
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A type of regime in which only the government itself is fully controlled by the ruler.Social and economic institutions exist that are not under the governmnet's control.
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Aristocracy
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Rule by the "best": in reality rule by an upper class.
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Democracy
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A system of government in which political authority is vested in the people
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Direct Democracy
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A system of Democracy in which political decisions are made by the epople directly, rather than by their elected representitives; probably attained most easily in small political communities.
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Legislature
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A govenmental body primarily responsible for the making of laws
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Initiative
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A procedure by which voters can propse a law or constitiutional amendment
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Recall
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A procedure allowing the people to vote to dismiss an elected official from the state office before his or her term has expired.
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consent of the people
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The idea that governments and laws derive their legitimacy from the consent of the governed.
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Republic
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A form of government in which sovereignty rests with the people, as opposed to a king or monarch.
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Popular Sovereignty
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The concept taht ultimate political authority is based on the will of the people.
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democratic republic
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A republic in which representitives elected by the people make and enforce laws and policies.
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representative democracy
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A form of government in which representitives elected by the people make and enforce laws and policies; may retain the monarchy in a ceremonial role.
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Universal Suffrage
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The right of all adults to vote for their representitives.
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Majority
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More than 50 percent.
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Majority Rule
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A basic principle of democracy asserted that the greatest number of citizens in any political unit should select officials and determine policies.
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Limited Government
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The principle the powers of government should be limited, usually by institutional checks.
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Majoritarianism
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A political theory holding that in dmeocracy, the governmnet ought to do what the majority of the people want.
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Elite theory
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A perspective holding that society is ruled by a small number of people who exercise power to futher their self-interest.
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Pluralism
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A theory that viewa politics as a conflict among interest groups.Political decision making is characterized by bargaining and compromise.
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Political Culture
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The collection of beliefs and attitudes toward government and the political process held by the community or nation.
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Political Socialization
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The process through which individuals learn a set of polictical attitudes and form opinions about social issues.The family and the educational system are two of the most important forces in the political socialization process.
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Dominant Culture
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The values, customs, and language established by the group or groups that traditionally have controlled politics and government in a society.
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Equality
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As a political value, the idea that all people are of equal worth.
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Property
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Anything that is or may be subject to ownership.As conceived bythe political philosopher John Locke, the right to property is a natural right superior to himan law (laws made by government).
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Capitalism
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an economic system characterized by the private ownershio of weath- creating assets and also byfree markets and freedom of contract
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Ideology
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A comprehensive set of beliefs about the nature of people and about the role of an institution or governmnet
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Conservation
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A set of beliefs that includes a limited role for the national governmnet in helping individuals, support for raditional values and lifestyles, and a curious response to change
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Liberation
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A set of beliefs that includes the advocacy of positive government action to improve the welfare of individuals, support for civil rights, and tolerance for political and social change.
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Socialism
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A political ideology based on strong support for economic and social equality. Socialists traditionally envisioned a society in which major businesses were taken over by the government or by employeee cooperatives.
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libertarianism
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A political ideolog nased on skepticism or opposition toward almost all governmnet activities.
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Communism
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A revoulutionary variant of socialism that favors a ppartisan (and often totalitarian) dictatorship, government controlof all enterprise, and the replacement of free markets by central planning.
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Fascism
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A 20th century ideology-often totalitarian- that exalts the national collective united behind an absoulute ruler. Fascism rejects liberal individualism, values action over rational deliberation and glorifies war.
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hispanic
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someone who can claim a heritage from a spanish-speaking country. The term is used only in the US or other countries that recieve immigrants- spanish speakng persons living in spanish speaking countries do not normally apply the term to themselves
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