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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Mitosis |
The nuclear division that produces two nuclei contain chromosomes identical to the parental nucleus, begins at the end of the G2 phase. |
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Significance of mitosis |
Assures that the chromosome number is preserved when one eukaryotic cell divides to form two. Identical chromosomes are distributed to each pole of the cell, and a nuclear envelope forms around each set. |
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Prophase in mitosis |
The structure of duplicated chromosomes becomes apparent as the chromatin condenses; each is composed of a pair of identical sister chromatid. The nuclear envelope begins to disassemble, and the miotic spindle begins to form |
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Prometaphase in mitosis |
Spindle microtubules attached to kinetichores of chromosomes, and chromosomes begin to move toward the cells midplane |
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Metaphase in mitosis |
The chromosomes are aligned on cells midplane, or metaphase plate; the miotic spindle is complete, and the kinetochores of the sister chromatids are attached by microtubules to opposite poles of the cell |
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Anaphase in mitosis |
The sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles. Each former chromatid is now a chromosome. |
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Telophase in mitosis |
I nuclear envelope reforms around each set of chromosomes, nucleoli become A parent, the chromosomes uncoil, and the spindle disappears. Cytokinesis generally begins Now. |
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Significance of chromosomes |
In eukaryotes, DNA associates with protein to form the chromatin fibers that make up... |
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DNA in chromosomes |
Allows the DNA to be accurately replicated and sorted into daughter cells without tangling. |
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Histones |
DNA is associated with this basic protein to form nucleosome’s, each of which consist of a histone bead with a DNA wrapped around it |
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Nucleosome‘s |
Are organized into large, loops held together by non-histone scaffolding proteins. |
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Chromosome in dividing cell cell |
Well-defined, it is one chain of DNA |
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Chromatin in nondividing cell |
Structure of chromosome, the combination of the DNA and proteins that give the structure |
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Chromatid |
An individual copy of a chromosome |
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Centromere |
Each chromatid include a constricted region called a.... |
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Kinetochore |
A protein structure to which microtubules can bind. Attached to each centromere |
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Karyotype |
Chromosome composition |
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Cell cycle: interphase |
Consists of the first gap phase G1, the synthesis phase S, and the second gap phase G2, |
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G1 phase |
The cell grows and prepares for the S phase |
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S phase |
DNA in the chromosome proteins are synthesized in chromosome duplication occurs |
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G2 phase |
Protein synthesis increases in preparation for cell division |
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M phase in cell cycle |
Consists of mitosis, the nuclear division that produces two nuclei identical to the parental nucleus |
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Cytokinesis in cell cycle |
The division of the cytoplasm to yield two daughter cells |
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Cytokinesis in plant cells |
Occurs by forming a cell plate a partition constructed in the equatorial region of the spindle that grows laterally toward the cell wall |
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Binary fission |
Prokaryotes reproduce asexually, they use A process in which one cell divides into two daughter cells |
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Regulation of cell wall |
Control mechanisms, called cell cycle checkpoints temporarily block key events from being initiated during the cell cycle, cyclin dependent kinases or protein can aces involved in regulating the cell cycle. Our only active when they bind tightly to regulatory proteins called cyclins. Cyclin levels fluctuate predictably during cell cycle |