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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Bidirectionality |
the phenomenon in which two replication forks move in opposite directions, outward from the origin. |
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Bidirectional replication |
the phenomenon in which two DNA replication forks emanate in both directions from an origin of replication. |
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Catenanes |
interlocked circular molecules. |
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Conservative model |
an incorrect model in which both strands of parental DNA remain together following DNA replication. |
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Daughter strands |
in DNA replication, the newlymade strand of DNA. |
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Dimeric DNA polymerase |
a complex of two DNA polymerase proteins that move as a unit during DNA replication |
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Dispersive model |
an incorrect model for DNA replication in which segments of parental DNA and newly made DNA are interspersed in both strands following the replication process. |
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Dam |
an enzyme in bacteria that attaches methyl groups to the adenine base in DNA that is found within the sequence GATC. |
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DNA gyrase |
also known as topoisomerase II; an enzyme that introduces negative supercoils into DNA using energy from ATP. Gyrase can also relax positive supercoils when they occur. |
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DNA helicase |
an enzyme that separates the two strands of DNA. |
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DNA ligase |
an enzyme that catalyzes a covalent bond between two DNA fragments |
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DNA polymerase |
an enzyme that catalyzes the covalent attachment of nucleotides together to form a strand of DNA. |
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DNA replication |
the process in which originalDNA strands are used as templates for thesynthesis of new DNA strands. |
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DnaA box sequences |
serves as a recognition sitefor the binding of the DnaA protein, which is involved in the initiation of bacterial DNA replication. |
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DnaA proteins |
a protein that binds to the dnaA box sequence at the origin of replication in bacteria and initiates DNA replication. |
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Fidelity |
a term used to describe the accuracy of a process. If there are few mistakes, a process has a high fidelity. |
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Flap endonuclease |
an enzyme that removes smallpieces of RNA flaps that are generated by the action of DNA polymerase δ. It removes RNA primers during DNA replication. |
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Lagging strand |
a strand during DNA replication that is synthesized as short Okazaki fragments in the direction away from the replication fork. |
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Leading strand |
a strand during DNA replication that is synthesized continuously toward the replication fork. |
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Okazaki fragments |
short segments of DNA that are synthesized in the lagging strand during DNA replication. |
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Origin ofreplication |
a nucleotide sequence that functions as an initiation site for the assembly of several proteins required for DNA replication. |
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Originrecognition complex (ORC) |
a complex of six proteins found in eukaryotes that is necessary to initiate DNA replication. |
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Parentalstrands |
in DNA replication, the DNA strand that is used as a template. |
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PolymeraseSwitch |
during DNA replication, when one type of DNA polymerase (e.g., α) is switched for another type (e.g., β). |
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Prereplicationcomplex (preRC) |
in eukaryotes, an assembly of at least 14 different proteins, including a group of 6 proteins called the origin recognition complex (ORC), that acts as the initiator of eukaryotic DNA replication |
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Primase |
an enzyme that synthesizes a short RNA primer during DNA replication. |
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Primosome |
a multiprotein complex composed of DNA helicase, primase, and several accessory proteins. |
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Processive enzyme |
an enzyme, such as RNA and DNA polymerase, which glides along the DNA and does not dissociate from the template strand as it catalyzes the covalent attachment of nucleotides. |
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Proofreadingfunction |
the ability of DNA polymerase to remove mismatched bases from a newly made strand. |
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Replicationforks |
the region in which two DNAstrands have separated and new strands arebeing synthesized. |
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Replisome |
a complex that contains a primosomeand dimeric DNA polymerase. |
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RNA primers |
a short strand of RNA, made by DNA primase, that is used to elongate a strand of DNA during DNA replication |
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Semiconservativemodel |
the correct model for DNA replication in which the newly made double-stranded DNA contains one parental strand and one daughter strand. |
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Single-strandbinding proteins |
a protein that binds to both of the single strands of DNA during DNA replication and prevents them from re-forming a double helix. |
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Telomerase |
the enzyme that recognizestelomeric sequences at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes and synthesizes additional numbers of telomeric repeat sequences. |
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Telomeres |
specialized DNA sequences found at the ends of linear eukaryotic chromosomes. |
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Templatestrands |
a strand of DNA that is used to synthesize a complementary strand of DNA or RNA. |
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Terminationsequences |
in E. coli,a pair of sequences in the chromosome that bind a protein known as the termination utilization substance (Tus), which stops the movement of the replication forks. |
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Topoisomerase(type II) |
during DNA replication, thisprotein travels in front of DNA helicase andalleviates positive supercoiling. |
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Tus |
in E. coli,a pair of sequences in the chromosome that bind a protein known as the termination utilization substance (Tus), which stops the movement of the replication forks. |