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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What do the lateral neuronal and ventromedial neuronal pathways do, and from which brain region are they controlled?
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Lateral neuronal: cortical control, voluntary movement
Ventromedial neuronal: brainstem control, posture, locomotion, coordinated limb movement |
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Which part of the CNS involves strategy of movement?
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The neocortex association area and the basal ganglia.
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Which part of the CNS involves tactics of movement and identifies the specific muscles needed?
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Cerebellum, motor cortex
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Which part of the CNS involves execution of movement?
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The brainstem and the spinal cord.
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Of the lateral pathways, which has significant origin in the motor cortex, areas 4 and 6, in the frontal lobe?
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The corticospinal tract.
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Name, in order, the points along the B. Path (lateral pathway)
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Cortex -> Internal Capsule near the thalamus -> Cerebral peduncle of the midbrain -> Pons and medulla
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What is the name of the lateral pathway in the medulla?
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The pyramidal tract
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Where in the lateral pathway does decussation occur?
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In the spinal cord.
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What kind of therapy is used to help rebuild the strength of a person's weak side after a stroke?
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Constraint-induced movement therapy, which keeps the person from using her or her strong side and forces the use of the weak.
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What are the four descending tracts to the spinal cord? What does each accomplish?
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The vestibulospinal tract: head balance and movement
The tectospinal tract: receives input from retina and visual cortex, aids head orientation for vision The pontine reticulospinal tract: for maintaining a standing posture The medullary reticulospinal tract: for reflexive movements |
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Where is the primary motor cortex located?
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In area 4 in the frontal lobe anterior to the central sulcus (sometimes called the motor strip)
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Which brain area (4 or 6) is involved in movement planning but not execution?Where else does planning occur?
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6, the prefrontal and posterior parietal cortex
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What are the five components of the basal ganglia?
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Globus pallidus, Caudate nucleus, putamen, Subthalamic nucleus, and substantia nigra.
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What are the two parts of the striatum? In what larger area does the striatum reside?
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The striatum is made of the caudate nucleus and the putamen. It's part of the basal ganglia.
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Parkinson's, a disorder of the basal ganglia, results from a loss of DA input to the ___.
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putamen
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Huntington's, a disorder of the basal ganglia, results from a loss of --- inhibition of the thalamus due to basal ganglia neuronal degeneration.
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GP
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Ballism, a disorder of the basal ganglia characterized by ---kinesia, results in the loss of subthalamic activation of ---, so VLo is less inhibited than normal.
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hyperkinesia, GP
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To what motor pathway does the midline region (vermis) of the cerebellum send input?
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The ventromedial pathway.
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For what is the corticopontocerebellar projection pathway important?
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For executing planned movement and learning motor taks
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Name the parts of the corticopontocerebellar projection pathway loop.
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Sensorimotor cortex layer 5 pyramidal cells -> Pons (pontine nucleus) -> lateral cerebellum -> motor cortex via VLc
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